人参在我国用药历史悠久，可治疗多种疾病，疗效显着。人参皂苷一直被认为是药理活性的重要成分。根据甾体皂苷的结构特点，人参皂苷主要分为原人参二醇型皂苷（PDS，主要包括Rb1、Rb2、Rd、Rc、Rh2、CK和PPD）和原人参三醇型皂苷（PTS，主要包括Re、 R1、Rg1、Rh1、Rf 和 PPT）。 PDS和PTS结构的差异导致药理活性的差异。本文对PDS和PTS进行了概述，主要关注其化学特征、药代动力学、水解代谢以及抗氧化、抗疲劳、抗衰老、免疫调节、抗肿瘤、心血管保护、神经保护和抗糖尿病等药理活性。旨在为深入研究PDS和PTS之间的关系做出贡献。版权所有©2024 Lancao Zhang等人。

Ginseng has a long history of drug application in China, which can treat various diseases and achieve significant efficacy. Ginsenosides have always been deemed important ingredients for pharmacological activities. Based on the structural characteristics of steroidal saponins, ginsenosides are mainly divided into protopanaxadiol-type saponins (PDS, mainly including Rb1, Rb2, Rd, Rc, Rh2, CK, and PPD) and protopanaxatriol-type saponins (PTS, mainly including Re, R1, Rg1, Rh1, Rf, and PPT). The structure differences between PDS and PTS result in the differences of pharmacological activities. This paper provides an overview of PDS and PTS, mainly focusing on their chemical profile, pharmacokinetics, hydrolytic metabolism, and pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antifatigue, antiaging, immunodulation, antitumor, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and antidiabetes. It is intended to contribute to an in-depth study of the relationship between PDS and PTS.Copyright © 2024 Lancao Zhang et al.