在实验性过敏性脑脊髓炎中，缺陷的严重程度与轴突的丢失有关，细胞毒性 T 细胞 8 (CD8 T) 很可能发挥着重要作用。在复发缓解型多发性硬化症中，病变部位的炎症活动与轴突横断之间存在相关性。为了了解病理机制，评估疾病过程中促炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子血清浓度的变化非常重要。 2012 年至 2014 年，共有 46 名患者和 40 名健康个体参与了一项开放标签、前瞻性病例对照研究。使用酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA) 测量细胞因子的血清浓度。与对照组相比，在复发和缓解阶段观察到免疫失衡。复发期间，干扰素-γ (IFN-γ) 水平显着高于缓解期 (p=0.017)。缓解期间，缺陷有所改善（p<0.001），并且与复发时相比，抗炎细胞因子转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）和白介素 4（IL4）有所增加（p=0.006；p =0.009）。复发期间肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 的血清浓度与扩展残疾状态量表 (EDSS) 之间存在相关性（相关系数：0.301；显着性 (Sig.)（2 尾 0.042）。 ，白细胞介素 17 (IL17) 和 25-羟基维生素 D (25(OH)D) 之间存在中等关系（P（p 值（概率值）= 0.02））。 TGF-β 血清水平是评估复发和缓解期间免疫炎症活动的标准。版权所有 © 2024，Slavov 等人。

In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the severity of the deficiency is associated with the loss of axons, and it is likely that cytotoxic T-cells 8 (CD8 T) play an important role. In relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, there is a correlation between the inflammatory activity in the lesion and the transection of axons. To understand the pathological mechanisms, it is important to evaluate the changes in serum concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during the disease course. A total of 46 patients and 40 healthy individuals participated in an open-label, prospective, case-control study from 2012 to 2014. The serum concentrations of cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An immune imbalance was observed during relapse and remission phases compared to the control group. During relapse, the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly higher compared to those in remission (p=0.017). During remission, there was an improvement in the deficiency (p<0.001), and the anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and interleukin 4 (IL4) increased compared to those in relapse (p=0.006; p=0.009). A correlation was found between the serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) during relapse (correlation coefficient: 0.301; significance (Sig.) (2-tailed 0.042). During the exacerbation, there was a moderate relationship between interleukin 17 (IL17) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (P (p-value (probability value) = 0.02)). TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL17, and TGF-β serum levels are criteria for evaluating immune inflammatory activity during relapse and remission periods.Copyright © 2024, Slavov et al.