肝细胞癌（HCC）是严重威胁人类健康的癌症之一。通过靶向程序性细胞死亡蛋白 1/程序性细胞死亡 1 配体 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) 轴，免疫疗法成为 HCC 患者的主要治疗方法。然而，当 HCC 产生耐药性时，抗 PD-1/PD-L1 治疗的效果就会受到限制。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）是肿瘤微环境（TME）中PD-1抗体靶向治疗负调节的重要因素。因此，作为HCC癌症免疫治疗研究的新兴方向，阐明TAM与PD-1/PD-L1介导的免疫耐受之间的相关性和机制至关重要。本文总结了TAMs对HCC发病和进展的影响及其对HCC抗PD-1/PD-L1免疫治疗的影响，并进一步探讨了目前针对HCC中TAMs的潜在治疗策略，包括消除TME中的TAMs、抑制 TAM 向肿瘤募集，并在功能上将 M2-TAM（肿瘤支持型）重新极化为 M1-TAM（抗肿瘤型）。版权所有 © 2024 Li、Duan、Li、Peng、Ming、Ni 和 Liu。

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the cancers that seriously threaten human health. Immunotherapy serves as the mainstay of treatment for HCC patients by targeting the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis. However, the effectiveness of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment is limited when HCC becomes drug-resistant. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important factor in the negative regulation of PD-1 antibody targeted therapy in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, as an emerging direction in cancer immunotherapy research for the treatment of HCC, it is crucial to elucidate the correlations and mechanisms between TAMs and PD-1/PD-L1-mediated immune tolerance. This paper summarizes the effects of TAMs on the pathogenesis and progression of HCC and their impact on HCC anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, and further explores current potential therapeutic strategies that target TAMs in HCC, including eliminating TAMs in the TME, inhibiting TAMs recruitment to tumors and functionally repolarizing M2-TAMs (tumor-supportive) to M1-TAMs (antitumor type).Copyright © 2024 Li, Duan, Li, Peng, Ming, Ni and Liu.