慢性口腔炎症和生物膜介导的感染会导致龋齿和牙周炎等疾病。本研究调查了落新妇花序乙醇提取物 (GA-13-6) 的抗炎和抗菌潜力，作为具有治疗潜力的天然复合物质 (NCS) 的重要候选者。在 LPS 刺激的 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞中，GA-13-6 显着抑制促炎介质，包括白细胞介素 6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF) 和一氧化氮 (NO)，超过了纯化的落新妇苷（一种已知的生物活性化合物）发现于A. chinensis。此外，GA-13-6 下调环氧合酶 2 (COX2) 和诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS) 的表达，表明对炎症级联反应具有抑制作用。值得注意的是，GA-13-6 对变形链球菌、血链球菌和牙龈卟啉单胞菌（分别是龋齿和牙周炎的主要致病菌）表现出选择性抗菌活性。这些发现表明，复合物 GA-13-6 具有治疗或预防牙周和牙科疾病以及各种其他炎症相关疾病的潜力，同时避免诱导抗生素耐药性。版权所有：© 2024 Han 等人。这是一篇根据知识共享署名许可条款分发的开放获取文章，允许在任何媒体上不受限制地使用、分发和复制，前提是注明原始作者和来源。

Chronic oral inflammation and biofilm-mediated infections drive diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential of an ethanol extract from Astilbe chinensis inflorescence (GA-13-6) as a prominent candidate for natural complex substances (NCS) with therapeutic potential. In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, GA-13-6 significantly suppressed proinflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and nitric oxide (NO), surpassing purified astilbin, a known bioactive compound found in A. chinensis. Furthermore, GA-13-6 downregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), indicating an inhibitory effect on the inflammatory cascade. Remarkably, GA-13-6 exhibited selective antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, key players in dental caries and periodontitis, respectively. These findings suggest that complex GA-13-6 holds the potential for the treatment or prevention of periodontal and dental diseases, as well as various other inflammation-related conditions, while averting the induction of antibiotic resistance.Copyright: © 2024 Han et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.