自身免疫、过敏和移植排斥是目前无法治愈的一系列慢性疾病，大大降低了患者的生活质量，并消耗了大量的医疗资源。这些疾病的根本原因是免疫系统失调，导致针对自身或无害抗原的炎症反应加剧。因此，患病患者需要终生坚持多种免疫调节药物的治疗方案，以控制疾病并恢复能力。不幸的是，当前的免疫调节药物与多种副作用和不良事件相关，例如癌症风险增加和严重感染风险增加，这对患者的依从率和生活质量产生负面影响。免疫工程领域是一门新学科，旨在利用基于生物材料的新型策略，利用内源性生物途径来阻止疾病并最大限度地减少副作用。我们重点介绍并讨论具有固有免疫调节特性的聚合物微/纳米颗粒，目前正在研究基于生物材料的疗法，用于治疗自身免疫、过敏和移植排斥。

Autoimmunity, allergy, and transplant rejection are a collection of chronic diseases that are currently incurable, drastically decrease patient quality of life, and consume considerable health care resources. Underlying each of these diseases is a dysregulated immune system that results in the mounting of an inflammatory response against self or an innocuous antigen. As a consequence, afflicted patients are required to adhere to lifelong regimens of multiple immunomodulatory drugs to control disease and reclaim agency. Unfortunately, current immunomodulatory drugs are associated with a myriad of side effects and adverse events, such as increased risk of cancer and increased risk of serious infection, which negatively impacts patient adherence rates and quality of life. The field of immunoengineering is a new discipline that aims to harness endogenous biological pathways to thwart disease and minimize side effects using novel biomaterial-based strategies. We highlight and discuss polymeric micro/nanoparticles with inherent immunomodulatory properties that are currently under investigation in biomaterial-based therapies for treatment of autoimmunity, allergy, and transplant rejection.