尽管免疫疗法对非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）有效，但大多数患者会出现复发，且后续治疗选择有限。对多种上皮肿瘤（例如黑色素瘤和非小细胞肺癌）的临床前研究表明，利用肠道微生物群可以改善免疫疗法的治疗反应。在这篇综述中，我们总结了微生物组（包括肺和肠道微生物组）在 NSCLC 中的作用，概述了微生物组在化疗和免疫疗法的功效和毒性中的机制，并讨论了当前正在进行的 NSCLC 临床试验，包括粪便微生物群移植(FMT) 和活生物治疗产品 (LBP)。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。

Despite the efficacy of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the majority of the patients experience relapse with limited subsequent treatment options. Preclinical studies of various epithelial tumors, such as melanoma and NSCLC, have shown that harnessing the gut microbiome resulted in improvement of therapeutic responses to immunotherapy. Is this review, we summarize the role of microbiome, including lung and gut microbiome in the context of NSCLC, provide overview of the mechanisms of microbiome in efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapies and immunotherapies, and address current ongoing clinical trials for NSCLC including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and live biotherapeutic products (LBPs).Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.