无论癌症类型或治疗阶段如何，体力活动 (PA) 已被证明可以降低癌症复发和死亡的风险。它对患者的身体和心理健康产生一系列积极影响，特别是在有氧健身、疲劳、心理健康和整体生活质量方面。然而，在目前的肿瘤学实践中，其适应症与治疗相结合的情况仍然相对较少。与此同时，癌症患者参加定期体育活动的比例通常很低。然而，由于PA是支持癌症治疗的有效方法并在预防中发挥重要作用，因此有必要找到有效的策略让患者更广泛地参与体育活动。为此，由提供综合癌症护理的机构直接组织的体育活动项目似乎非常合适。这篇文献综述描绘了癌症患者参与体育活动项目的主要障碍和促进因素。特别是与卫生政策相关的经济因素，反映在为患者提供此类支持性护理、健康素养水平、PA 计划的组织、卫生保健提供者（包括医生和卫生保健工作者）、社会支持和心理支持等方面。患者自身的影响发挥着重要作用。由于将身体活动计划实施到现有的癌症护理系统中是一个相当具有挑战性的过程，因此本文还讨论了使用健康信念模型的可能性。在给定的背景下，该模型可以预测和识别患者参与 PA 项目的障碍和支持因素，以最大限度地提高其有效性并使其适应患者的需求，同时适应患者的能力。特定的医疗设施。

Regardless of cancer type or stage of treatment, physical activity (PA) has been shown to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and death. It is associated with a range of positive effects on patients' physical and psychological well-being, particularly in the areas of aerobic fitness, fatigue, mental health and perceived overall quality of life. However, in current oncology practice, the combination of its indication with treatment is still relatively rare. At the same time, cancer patients' participation in regular physical activity is usually very low. However, as PA is an effective method to support cancer treatment and plays an important role in prevention, it is necessary to find effective strategies to involve patients more widely in physical activities. To this end, physical activity programmes organised directly by facilities providing comprehensive cancer care appear to be very suitable.This literature review maps the main barriers and facilitators to cancer patients' participation in physical activity programmes. In particular, economic factors related to health policy, reflected in the availability of this type of supportive care for patients, the level of health literacy, the organization of PA programs, health care providers - both physicians and health care workers, social support and intrapsychic influences on the part of patients play a major role. Since the implementation of physical activity programmes into the existing cancer care system is a rather challenging process, the paper also deals with the possibilities of using the Health Belief Model. In the given context, this model allows the prediction and identification of barriers and supportive factors to patients' involvement in PA programs in order to maximize their effectiveness and adapt them to the needs of patients and, at the same time, to the capabilities of a specific medical facility.