去年，由于多项将免疫检查点抑制剂与一线化疗相结合的 3 期临床试验报告了高水平结果，在改善晚期和复发性子宫内膜癌患者的肿瘤学结果方面取得了显着进展。复发性或晚期子宫内膜癌患者第一次有了优于单独传统化疗的治疗选择。仍有待确定的是这些建议的人群特异性。所有四项主要研究都一致认为，错配修复缺陷的子宫内膜癌患者可明显受益于添加免疫检查点抑制剂以实现无进展生存；一些研究显示了初步结果，表明潜在的总体生存率。需要分子表征细节来确定是否以及哪些患有错配的肿瘤患者应该接受这种新的组合方法。通俗语言总结：在晚期子宫内膜癌患者的一线治疗中，将免疫检查点抑制剂与化疗相结合，可以改善无进展生存期，特别是对于错配修复缺陷的患者。利用潜在的敏感性生物标志物和耐药性生物标志物改善患者选择是开展下一个临床试验的关键，并将有助于将治疗引导至正确的患者并最大限度地减少毒性。© 2024 美国癌症协会。

In the past year, notable advances were achieved toward improving oncological outcomes in patients with advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer because of reporting of high-level results of several phase 3 clinical trial combining an immune checkpoint inhibitor with chemotherapy in the first-line setting. For the first time, patients with recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer have options for treatment that are superior to traditional chemotherapy alone. What remains to be determined is population specificity of these recommendations. All four major studies were in agreement that patients with endometrial cancer with deficient mismatch repair markedly benefited from addition of an immune checkpoint inhibitor for progression-free survival; some showed preliminary results demonstrating a potential overall survival. Molecular characterization details are needed to determine if and which patients with tumors that are mismatch proficient should receive this new combination approach. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Combining an immune checkpoint inhibitor with chemotherapy in the first-line setting treatment of patients with advanced endometrial cancer improved progression-free survival, especially in patients with mismatch repair deficiency. Improving patient selection with potential biomarkers of sensitivity and biomarkers of resistance is key in developing the next clinical trials and will assist in directing therapy to the correct patients and minimize toxicity.© 2024 American Cancer Society.