MicroRNA (miRNA) 是短的非编码 RNA（长度为 18-25 个核苷酸），是基因表达调控的重要参与者。 2003年，它们在肿瘤发生中的积极作用得到证实。 2008年，第一份关于从葡萄膜黑色素瘤（UM）组织中分离miRNA的报告发表。四年后（2012 年），此类患者的血浆中发现了 miRNA。迄今为止，mirbase.org 中描述的 2654 种 miRNA 中，有 100 种 miRNA 在癌症患者（患有不同部位的癌症）血浆中的表达水平已得到证实。在 UM 患者的血浆中，仅确认了 13 种 miRNA 的表达变化。通常，研究是在 UM 血行转移阶段的患者中进行的。本研究分析了局限性脉络膜黑色素瘤 (CM) 患者中 miRNA-223 和 miRNA-126 的表达模式，在没有研究了 84 名年龄 35-86 岁（平均年龄 63.4±1.2 岁）的 M0N0 CM 患者的血浆。 CM诊断的依据是眼科检查、光学相干断层扫描和超声扫描的结果。在所有情况下，都证明不存在转移（使用计算机断层扫描或磁共振成像）。对照 - 28 名志愿者的血浆（平均年龄 62.9±1.42 岁，年龄范围 45-78 岁），他们没有肿瘤、自身免疫或慢性炎症过程。通过实时聚合酶链式反应测定血浆中循环的 miRNA 的表达水平。与对照组相比，所有 84 名 CM 患者的血浆中 miRNA-223 和 miRNA-126 的表达水平均得到证实。确定了随肿瘤定量参数变化而出现的 miRNA 表达模式的特征。评估 CM 患者血浆中 miRNA-223 和 miRNA-126 的水平可用于临床实践，以明确 CM 的诊断，以及预测血行转移的发展。

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs (18-25 nucleotides in length) that are important participants in the regulation of gene expression. In 2003, their active role in oncogenesis was demonstrated. In 2008, the first report on the isolation of miRNAs from uveal melanoma (UM) tissue was published. Four years later (2012), the presence of miRNAs in the plasma of patients with this category was shown. To date, changes in the expression level of 100 miRNAs in the plasma of cancer patients (with cancer of various localizations) out of the 2654 miRNAs described in mirbase.org have been proven. In the plasma of patients with UM, changes in the expression of only 13 miRNAs have been confirmed. As a rule, studies were conducted in patients at the stage of hematogenous metastasis of UM.This study analyzed the expression pattern of miRNA-223 and miRNA-126 in patients with localized choroidal melanoma (CM) taking into account biometric parameters in the absence of metastases.Blood plasma of 84 patients with M0N0 CM aged 35-86 years (mean age 63.4±1.2 years) was investigated. The basis for the diagnosis of CM was the results of ophthalmological examination, optical coherence tomography, and ultrasound scanning. In all cases, the absence of metastases was proven (using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). Control - plasma of 28 volunteers (mean age 62.9±1.42 years, age range 45-78 years), who did not have tumoral, autoimmune, or chronic inflammatory processes. The expression levels of miRNAs circulating in blood plasma were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.An increase in the expression levels of miRNA-223 and miRNA-126 in the plasma of all 84 patients with CM was confirmed compared to the control group. Features of the miRNA expression pattern that emerged with changes in the tumor's quantitative parameters were identified.Evaluation of the levels of miRNA-223 and miRNA-126 in the blood plasma of patients with CM can be used in clinical practice to clarify the diagnosis of CM, as well as to predict the development of hematogenous metastases.