主要涵盖 2013 年至 2023 年，并参考了 2013 年之前所做的工作。 1995 年首次报道，二甲哌啶和类似化合物构成了一类新型天然达玛烷型均三萜类化合物，其特征在于其独特的 2-苯基吡喃部分与达玛烷骨架的 A 环环合。据报道，它们仅来自两个属：Dichapetalum（Dichapetalaceae）和Phyllanthus（Phyllanthaceae）。已报道了约 100 种新的二甲哌啶类化合物和二甲哌啶类化合物，包括麻三萜及其抗肿瘤和其他生物活性。在本综述中，我们介绍了 2013 年至今从 Dichapetalum 和 Phyllanthus 两个属报道的次生代谢物的分布、民族植物学和药用重要性以及多样性，并适当参考了 2013 年之前的相关信息。我们还提出并讨论了可能的生物合成途径、针对广泛的人类和小鼠癌细胞系的抗肿瘤活性、结构活性关系以及其他生物活性和作用机制。最后，该综述涉及未来的前景，包括扩大结构多样性和生物活性范围、在计算机研究中可能简化化合物的结构复杂性以增强其药物相似性，以及继续寻找新的二查他林和二查他林。超过 200 种 Dichapetalum 和超过 1200 种余下珠属物种的化合物有待研究。预计本次审查将促进进一步的多学科和跨学科研究。

Covering mainly from 2013 up to 2023 with relevant references to work done before 2013First reported in 1995, the dichapetalins and analogous compounds constitute a novel class of natural dammarane-type merotriterpenoids characterized by their unique 2-phenylpyrano moiety annellated to ring A of the dammarane skeleton. They have been reported from only two genera: Dichapetalum (Dichapetalaceae) and Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae). About 100 novel dichapetalins and dichapetalin-type compounds, including the acutissimatriterpenes and their antitumour and other bioactivities have been reported. In the present review, we cover the distribution, ethnobotanical and medicinal importance and the diversity of secondary metabolites reported from the two genera Dichapetalum and Phyllanthus from 2013 to date, with appropriate reference to relevant information prior to 2013. We also propose and discuss possible biosynthetic pathways, antitumour activity against a broad range of human and murine cancer cell lines, structure activity relationships, and other biological activities and mechanisms of action. Finally, the review deals with future perspectives which include expansion of the structural diversity and bioactivity scope, possible simplification of the structural complexity of the compounds to enhance their drug-likeness, in silico studies, and continuation of the search for new dichapetalins and dichapetalin-type compounds from the over 200 Dichapetalum and over 1200 Phyllanthus species yet to be investigated. It is envisaged that the present review will stimulate further multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies.