空气污染，特别是颗粒物（PM），是全球范围内的重大环境污染。研究粒径分级颗粒物的化学、环境和与生命相关的细胞物理特性非常重要，因为它们对人体呼吸道和器官系统有不同程度的有害影响，导致严重的疾病。本研究评估了生物质燃烧过程中收集的细粒度颗粒物（低至 PM0.1）的化学成分，包括元素/有机碳和微量元素。通过扫描电子显微镜和Zeta粒度仪分析PM0.1、PM0.5-0.1、PM1.0-0.5和PM2.5-1.0的单颗粒尺寸和分布。利用两种常用的细胞系（例如 HeLa 和 Cos7 细胞）以及两种呼吸相关细胞系（包括肺癌/正常细胞）进行细胞毒性实验，揭示了颗粒大小和浓度的关键影响。高速扫描离子电导显微镜探索了所有细胞系动力学中粒子刺激的亚细胞物理特征，包括表面粗糙度 (SR) 和弹性模量 (E)。 SR的统计结果显示出不同粒径和细胞类型之间的不同特征，而普遍发现E减少。这项工作提供了对尺寸分级 PM 的化学、环境和细胞物理特性的全面了解，并揭示了控制小尺寸 PM 暴露的必要性。

Air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM), is a significant environmental pollution worldwide. Studying the chemical, environmental, and life-related cellular physical characteristics of size-fractionated PMs is important because of their different degrees of harmful effects on human respiratory tracts and organ systems, causing severe diseases. This study evaluates the chemical components of size-fractionated PMs down to PM0.1 collected during a biomass-burning episode, including elemental/organic carbon and trace elements. Single particle sizes and distributions of PM0.1, PM0.5-0.1, PM1.0-0.5, and PM2.5-1.0 were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Zeta sizer. Two commonly used cell lines, e.g., HeLa and Cos7 cells, and two respiratory-related cell lines including lung cancer/normal cells were utilized for cell cytotoxicity experiments, revealing the key effects of particle sizes and concentrations. A high-speed scanning ion conductance microscope explored particle-stimulated subcellular physical characteristics for all cell lines in dynamics, including surface roughness (SR) and elastic modulus (E). The statistical results of SR showed distinct features among different particle sizes and cell types while a E reduction was universally found. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the chemical, environmental, and cellular physical characteristics of size-fractionated PMs and sheds light on the necessity of controlling small-sized PM exposures.