转化生长因子β（TGF-β）是一种结构极其保守、普遍存在的分子，在人体机体中发挥着全身性作用。 TGF-β 是一种同二聚体分子，由通过二硫键连接的两个亚基组成。在哺乳动物中，三个基因编码该细胞因子的 TGF-β1、TGF-β2 和 TGF-β3 亚型，其中 TGF-β1 的表达占主导地位。事实上，所有正常细胞都含有 TGF-β 及其特定受体。考虑到TGF-β在人体许多生理和病理过程中所发挥的精细平衡的特殊作用，该细胞因子可能被提议在医学上用作移植学、伤口愈合和骨修复中的免疫抑制剂。 TGFb 本身是肿瘤学的一个重要靶点。已经考虑将阻断 TGF-β 信号通路成员作为治疗靶点的策略。在这篇综述中，解决了 TGF-β1 作用的信号机制，并描述了它们在生理学和病理学中的作用，主要关注致癌作用。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a ubiquitous molecule that is extremely conserved structurally and plays a systemic role in human organism. TGF-β is a homodimeric molecule consisting of two subunits joined through a disulphide bond. In mammals, three genes code for TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 isoforms of this cytokine with a dominating expression of TGF-β1. Virtually, all normal cells contain TGF-β and its specific receptors. Considering the exceptional role of fine balance played by the TGF-β in anumber of physiological and pathological processes in human body, this cytokine may be proposed for use in medicine as an immunosuppressant in transplantology, wound healing and bone repair. TGFb itself is an important target in oncology. Strategies for blocking members of TGF-β signaling pathway as therapeutic targets have been considered. In this review, signalling mechanisms of TGF-β1 action are addressed, and their role in physiology and pathology with main focus on carcinogenesis are described.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.