病理性下颌骨骨折被定义为发生在骨骼因潜在病理过程而削弱的区域的骨折，这种骨折很少见，占所有下颌骨骨折的不到 2%。下颌病理性骨折可能有多种病因，包括骨髓炎、放射性骨坏死 (ORN)、手术干预、双磷酸盐相关下颌骨化学坏死和肿瘤病变。我们介绍了一名 13 岁男性患者的病例，该患者右面部牙齿感染肿胀和张口受限，多发化脓性皮肤瘘管和下颌发育不全。口内检查显示存在广泛的牙石，第 3 和第 4 象限存在牙齿松动。我们进行了正位断层扫描，显示下颌角骨折，并保留了继发性下颌骨骨髓炎伴病理性骨折的诊断。进行了死骨切除术，然后用微型重建钢板进行切开复位。据我们所知，这名患有继发性下颌骨骨髓炎的患者 13 岁，是报道的因继发性下颌骨骨髓炎而导致病理性骨折的最年轻的病例。由于发病较早，患者临床表现呈鸟类特征。他的病理性骨折是由于继发性骨髓炎造成的限制骨转换的恶性循环造成的。病理性下颌骨骨折由于其病因不同，治疗起来很复杂且具有挑战性，而且临床医生经常不得不处理骨骼严重感染且骨折管理依赖的个体。关于由此产生的骨缺损。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。

Pathological mandibular fractures, defined as fractures that occur in regions where bone has been weakened by an underlying pathological process, are rare, accounting for fewer than 2 % of all fractures of the mandible. Mandibular pathological fractures can have several aetiologies including osteomyelitis, osteoradionecrosis (ORN), surgical interventions, bisphosphonate-related osteochemonecrosis of the jaw and tumoral lesions.We present a case of a 13-year-old male patient following a tooth infection with a right facial swelling and limited mouth opening, multiple purulent cutaneous fistulas and mandibular hypoplasia. Intraoral examination revealed the presence of generalized calculus, dental mobility in quadrants 3 and 4. We carried out an orthopantomography which revealed a mandibular angle fracture and the diagnosis of secondary mandibular osteomyelitis with pathological fracture was retained. Sequestrectomy was carried out followed by an open reduction with mini reconstruction plates.At 13 years old, this patient with a secondary mandibular osteomyelitis, to the best of our knowledge is the youngest case reported having a secondary mandibular osteomyelitis as etiology of his pathological fracture. Due to the early onset, the patient presented with a bird's profile clinically. His pathological fracture was due to a vicious cycle limiting bone turnover created by the secondary osteomyelitis.Pathological mandibular fractures are complex and challenging to treat because of their different aetiologies and also clinicians often have to deal with individuals with grossly infected bone with the fracture management dependent on the resulting bony defect.Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.