人类阑尾对于维持肠道稳态至关重要。阑尾切除术是急性阑尾炎的最佳治疗方法，但阑尾切除后的癌症发病率仍不清楚。在这项全港回顾性队列研究中，从人口数据库中检索出2000年至2018年接受阑尾切除术的成年参与者（n=43,983），同时检索匹配的参考参与者作为对照（n=85,853）。阑尾切除术后，与非阑尾切除组相比，总体癌症风险显着增加（亚分布风险比（SHR）=1.124）。接受阑尾切除术治疗的男性比未接受阑尾切除术的男性患癌症的风险更高（SHR=1.197），而在女性参与者中没有观察到这种差异。在接受阑尾切除术的老年参与者（年龄 >60 岁）中也观察到癌症风险显着增加 (SHR=1.390)。阑尾切除术与消化道癌和呼吸道癌的风险呈正相关，包括结肠癌（SHR=1.440）、胰腺癌（SHR=1.930）、气管癌、支气管癌和肺癌（SHR=1.394）。相比之下，阑尾切除术后肝癌的风险显着降低（SHR=0.713）。总之，我们报告了阑尾切除术与随后癌症发病率的关联。这些发现强调了阑尾切除后潜在的并发症以及术后管理以监测和预防长期不良事件的必要性。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

Human appendix is critical for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Appendicectomy has been the optimal treatment of acute appendicitis, yet the cancer incidence after appendix removal remains unclear. In this territory-wide retrospective cohort study, adult participants who underwent appendicectomy from 2000 to 2018 were retrieved from a population database (n=43,983), while matched reference participants were retrieved as controls (n=85,853). After appendicectomy, the overall cancer risk was significantly increased (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR)=1.124) compared to the non-appendicectomy group. Appendicectomy-treated males had higher cancer risk than males without appendicectomy (SHR=1.197), while such difference was not observed in female participants. Significant increase in cancer risk was also observed in elder participants (age >60) with appendicectomy (SHR=1.390). Appendicectomy was positively correlated with the risk of digestive tract and respiratory cancers including colon (SHR=1.440), pancreas (SHR=1.930), and trachea, bronchus, and lung (SHR=1.394). In contrast, the risk of liver cancer was markedly decreased after appendicectomy (SHR=0.713). In conclusion, we reported the association of appendicectomy with subsequent cancer incidence. These findings highlight the potential complication after appendix removal and the necessity of post-operative management to monitor and prevent long-term adverse events.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.