大咯血是围手术期的一种时间紧迫的气道急症，相关死亡率超过 50%。围手术期咯血的原因包括手术并发症、凝血功能障碍、恶性肿瘤、慢性肺部疾病、感染、左侧心脏病、肺血管疾病和自身免疫性疾病。需要快速、协调的多学科反应来保护气道、隔离肺部、确保充足的氧合和通气、确定根本原因并启动特定的全身、支气管镜、血管内或手术治疗。本综述探讨了围手术期大咯血的病因、病理生理学以及管理和干预方法。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。

Massive hemoptysis is a time critical airway emergency in the perioperative setting, with an associated mortality exceeding 50%. Causes of hemoptysis in the perioperative setting include procedural complication, coagulopathy, malignancy, chronic lung disease, infection, left-sided cardiac disease, pulmonary vascular disease and autoimmune disease. A rapid and coordinated multidisciplinary response is required to secure the airway, isolate the lung, ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation, identify the underlying cause and initiate specific systemic, bronchoscopic, endovascular, or surgical treatment. This review examines the etiology, pathophysiology, as well as approach to management and interventions in perioperative massive hemoptysis.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.