会阴疝 (PH) 是腹会阴切除术 (APR) 的晚期并发症，可能会影响患者的生活质量。采用最新直肠癌治疗策略的机器人 APR 后出现 PH 的频率和危险因素尚不清楚。 对 2011 年 12 月至 2022 年 6 月期间因直肠癌接受机器人 APR 的患者进行回顾性检查。从 2020 年 7 月起，只要可行，就会进行骨盆加固手术，例如机器人闭合骨盆腹膜和提肛肌，作为 PH 的预防手术。术后 1 年，通过计算机断层扫描对有或无症状的患者进行 PH 诊断。我们检查了 PH 的频率，比较了 PH 患者 (PH ) 和无 PH 患者 (PH-) 的特征，并确定了 PH 的危险因素。我们评估了 142 名患者，其中 53 名 PH   (37.3%) 和 89 名 PH- (62.6%) ）。 PH 术前放化疗的比率显着较高（26.4% vs 10.1%，p= 0.017），而接受骨盆加固手术的比率显着较低（1.9% vs 14.0%，p= 0.017）。 PH 的侧方淋巴结清扫率较低（47.2% vs 61.8%，p= 0.115），手术时间较短（340 分钟 vs 394 分钟，p= 0.110）。多因素分析显示，术前放化疗、未行侧方淋巴结清扫、未行骨盆加固手术是PH的独立危险因素。在直肠癌机器人APR术后PH并不是罕见的并发症，在目前的直肠癌治疗策略中，并应考虑对 PH 进行预防性治疗。© 2024。Springer Nature Switzerland AG。

Perineal hernia (PH) is a late complication of abdominoperineal resection (APR) that may compromise a patient's quality of life. The frequency and risk factors for PH after robotic APR adopting recent rectal cancer treatment strategies remain unclear.Patients who underwent robotic APR for rectal cancer between December 2011 and June 2022 were retrospectively examined. From July 2020, pelvic reinforcement procedures, such as robotic closure of the pelvic peritoneum and levator ani muscles, were performed as prophylactic procedures for PH whenever feasible. PH was diagnosed in patients with or without symptoms using computed tomography 1 year after surgery. We examined the frequency of PH, compared characteristics between patients with PH (PH+) and without PH (PH-), and identified risk factors for PH.We evaluated 142 patients, including 53 PH+ (37.3%) and 89 PH- (62.6%). PH+ had a significantly higher rate of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (26.4% versus 10.1%, p = 0.017) and a significantly lower rate of undergoing pelvic reinforcement procedures (1.9% versus 14.0%, p = 0.017). PH+ had a lower rate of lateral lymph node dissection (47.2% versus 61.8%, p = 0.115) and a shorter operative time (340 min versus 394 min, p = 0.110). According to multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors for PH were preoperative chemoradiotherapy, not undergoing lateral lymph node dissection, and not undergoing a pelvic reinforcement procedure.PH after robotic APR for rectal cancer is not a rare complication under the recent treatment strategies for rectal cancer, and performing prophylactic procedures for PH should be considered.© 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.