最近在发现新型免疫信号通路方面取得的突破彻底改变了不同的疾病治疗方法。 SERPINB9 (Sb9)，也称为蛋白酶抑制剂 9 (PI-9)，是一种众所周知的颗粒酶 B (GzmB) 内源性抑制剂。 GzmB是一种由细胞毒性T淋巴细胞和自然杀伤细胞分泌的强效细胞毒性分子，在免疫反应过程中诱导靶细胞凋亡方面发挥着至关重要的作用。 Sb9 作为一种保护机制，对抗免疫系统本身细胞内 GzmB 的潜在有害影响。另一方面，Sb9 的过度表达是癌症和病毒感染等疾病中免疫逃避的重要机制。 Sb9 在不同细胞类型中的复杂功能代表了一种微调的调节机制，用于预防免疫病理、预防自身免疫性疾病和调节细胞死亡，所有这些对于维持健康和有效应对疾病挑战至关重要。 Sb9 的失调会破坏人类正常的生理状况，可能导致一系列疾病，包括癌症、炎症、病毒感染或其他病理性疾病。加深我们对 Sb9 作用的理解将有助于发现针对各种医疗状况的创新且有效的治疗方法。因此，本次综述的目的是巩固有关 Sb9 生物学作用的现有知识。它旨在深入了解其发现、结构、功能、分布、其与各种疾病的关联，以及针对 Sb9 的纳米颗粒疗法的潜力。版权所有 © 2024 Huang、Mu 和 Li。

Recent breakthroughs in discovering novel immune signaling pathways have revolutionized different disease treatments. SERPINB9 (Sb9), also known as Proteinase Inhibitor 9 (PI-9), is a well-known endogenous inhibitor of Granzyme B (GzmB). GzmB is a potent cytotoxic molecule secreted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, which plays a crucial role in inducing apoptosis in target cells during immune responses. Sb9 acts as a protective mechanism against the potentially harmful effects of GzmB within the cells of the immune system itself. On the other hand, overexpression of Sb9 is an important mechanism of immune evasion in diseases like cancers and viral infections. The intricate functions of Sb9 in different cell types represent a fine-tuned regulatory mechanism for preventing immunopathology, protection against autoimmune diseases, and the regulation of cell death, all of which are essential for maintaining health and responding effectively to disease challenges. Dysregulation of the Sb9 will disrupt human normal physiological condition, potentially leading to a range of diseases, including cancers, inflammatory conditions, viral infections or other pathological disorders. Deepening our understanding of the role of Sb9 will aid in the discovery of innovative and effective treatments for various medical conditions. Therefore, the objective of this review is to consolidate current knowledge regarding the biological role of Sb9. It aims to offer insights into its discovery, structure, functions, distribution, its association with various diseases, and the potential of nanoparticle-based therapies targeting Sb9.Copyright © 2024 Huang, Mu and Li.