美国国家环境健康科学研究所 (NIEHS) 继续优先开展研究，以更好地了解接触化学和非化学压力源混合物对健康造成的影响。过去十年的混合物研究活动在 2011 年 NIEHS 研讨会“推进混合物研究：预测人类健康不良影响的新观点和方法”的制定和审议过程中得到了专家的意见。自那时起，NIEHS 混合物的研究工作就集中在关键主题上，包括 a) 确定混合物的研究优先级，b) 翻译来自体外和体内研究的混合物数据，c) 发展跨学科合作，d) 为基于成分和全混合物的信息提供信息评估方法，e) 开发足够的相似性方法来比较复杂的混合物，f) 使用基于系统的方法来评估混合物，g) 重点关注混合物相关数据的管理和整合。我们的目的是描述 NIEHS 驱动的混合物研究和过去十年的组合暴露以及当前需要关注的领域。壁内和壁外混合物研究项目纳入了多种化学品（例如，多环芳烃、植物、个人护理产品、野火排放）和非化学压力源（例如，社会经济因素） 、社会逆境）并关注许多疾病（例如乳腺癌、动脉粥样硬化、免疫破坏）。我们在某些领域取得了重大进展，例如开发用于评估流行病学中多种化学关联的统计方法，以及构建包括体外和体内模型的转化混合物项目。展望未来，需要开展更多工作来改进混合物数据集成、阐明化学和非化学压力源之间的相互作用，并解决混合物暴露的地理空间和时间性质。持续的混合物研究对于为累积影响评估提供信息和应对环境正义和气候变化等复杂挑战至关重要。 https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14340。

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) continues to prioritize research to better understand the health effects resulting from exposure to mixtures of chemical and nonchemical stressors. Mixtures research activities over the last decade were informed by expert input during the development and deliberations of the 2011 NIEHS Workshop "Advancing Research on Mixtures: New Perspectives and Approaches for Predicting Adverse Human Health Effects." NIEHS mixtures research efforts since then have focused on key themes including a) prioritizing mixtures for study, b) translating mixtures data from in vitro and in vivo studies, c) developing cross-disciplinary collaborations, d) informing component-based and whole-mixture assessment approaches, e) developing sufficient similarity methods to compare across complex mixtures, f) using systems-based approaches to evaluate mixtures, and g) focusing on management and integration of mixtures-related data.We aimed to describe NIEHS driven research on mixtures and combined exposures over the last decade and present areas for future attention.Intramural and extramural mixtures research projects have incorporated a diverse array of chemicals (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, botanicals, personal care products, wildfire emissions) and nonchemical stressors (e.g., socioeconomic factors, social adversity) and have focused on many diseases (e.g., breast cancer, atherosclerosis, immune disruption). We have made significant progress in certain areas, such as developing statistical methods for evaluating multiple chemical associations in epidemiology and building translational mixtures projects that include both in vitro and in vivo models.Moving forward, additional work is needed to improve mixtures data integration, elucidate interactions between chemical and nonchemical stressors, and resolve the geospatial and temporal nature of mixture exposures. Continued mixtures research will be critical to informing cumulative impact assessments and addressing complex challenges, such as environmental justice and climate change. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14340.