恶性神经胶质瘤构成最常见的原发性恶性脑肿瘤类型。以往的大多数研究都评估了发达国家恶性胶质瘤的流行病学。因此，发展中国家缺乏这方面的证据。本研究是第一份关于 2009 年至 2017 年伊朗恶性胶质瘤状况的流行病学报告。使用伊朗国家人口癌症登记处（覆盖伊朗人口的 98%）2009 年至 2017 年记录的中枢神经系统肿瘤数据。分析。根据性别、肿瘤组织学、肿瘤部位和诊断年份计算年龄调整后的发病率。还进行了发病率的趋势分析。记录生存数据，并使用Cox比例风险模型评估潜在危险因素。 2009年至2017年间，伊朗共有8484名患者被诊断患有恶性胶质瘤。 9 年期间恶性神经胶质瘤的总年龄调整发病率为每 10 万人 1.71 例。恶性胶质瘤最常见的组织学是胶质母细胞瘤（81.4%）。 2009 年至 2012 年间，恶性神经胶质瘤的发病率显着增加。研究期间的中位总生存期为 13.0 (95% CI 12.6-13.5) 个月。年龄较大的群体、较高的肿瘤分级、男性、研究期的前半段以及未接受治疗与较差的预后显着相关。这项研究是关于伊朗恶性胶质瘤状况的最新流行病学报告。尽管总体发病率低于发达国家，但一些研究结果与之前的报告一致。

Malignant gliomas constitute the most common type of primary malignant brain tumors. Most previous studies have evaluated the epidemiology of malignant gliomas in developed countries. Hence, there is a lack of evidence in this regard from developing countries. This study is the first epidemiological report on the status of malignant glioma in Iran between 2009 and 2017.Data from the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (covering 98% of the Iranian population) on CNS tumors recorded from 2009 to 2017 were used for analysis. Age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated by sex, tumor histology, tumor site, and year of diagnosis. Trend analysis of incidence rates was also performed. Survival data were recorded and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate underlying risk factors.A total of 8484 patients were diagnosed with malignant glioma between 2009 and 2017 in Iran. The overall age-adjusted incidence rate of malignant gliomas over the 9-year period was 1.71 per 100,000 persons. The most common histology of malignant gliomas was glioblastoma (81.4%). A significant increase in the incidence of malignant gliomas was found between 2009 and 2012. The median overall survival was 13.0 (95% CI 12.6-13.5) months over the study period. Older age groups, higher tumor grade, male sex, the first half of the study period, and receiving no treatment were significantly associated with worse prognoses.This study is the latest epidemiological report on the status of malignant gliomas in Iran. Although the overall incidence rate was lower than the rates in developed countries, several findings were consistent with those in prior reports.