计算机断层扫描 (CT) 是肌肉骨骼成像的常用方式。传统 CT 技术可用于复杂骨折的检测、表征和手术计划中的创伤评估。 CT 关节造影可以描绘内部紊乱病变并影响骨科医生的医疗决策。在肿瘤学中，CT 可在骨肿瘤的表征中发挥作用，并可阐明软组织矿化模式。 CT 技术的多项进步催生了具有不同临床应用的各种采集技术。其中包括四维 CT，可在运动过程中检查关节；锥束CT，允许在生理负重条件下进行检查；双能 CT，可实现材料分解，可用于肌肉骨骼沉积疾病（例如痛风）和骨髓水肿检测；光子计数 CT 与标准多探测器 CT 系统相比，由于其能够直接将 X 射线光子能量转化为电信号，因此可提供更高的空间分辨率、更低的辐射和材料分解。先进的采集技术提供更高的空间分辨率扫描，能够增强骨微结构和骨矿物质密度评估。总之，这些 CT 采集技术将继续在骨科、风湿病学、骨代谢学、肿瘤学和介入放射学实践中发挥重要作用。© 2024。作者，获得国际骨骼协会 (ISS) 的独家许可。

Computed tomography (CT) is a common modality employed for musculoskeletal imaging. Conventional CT techniques are useful for the assessment of trauma in detection, characterization and surgical planning of complex fractures. CT arthrography can depict internal derangement lesions and impact medical decision making of orthopedic providers. In oncology, CT can have a role in the characterization of bone tumors and may elucidate soft tissue mineralization patterns. Several advances in CT technology have led to a variety of acquisition techniques with distinct clinical applications. These include four-dimensional CT, which allows examination of joints during motion; cone-beam CT, which allows examination during physiological weight-bearing conditions; dual-energy CT, which allows material decomposition useful in musculoskeletal deposition disorders (e.g., gout) and bone marrow edema detection; and photon-counting CT, which provides increased spatial resolution, decreased radiation, and material decomposition compared to standard multi-detector CT systems due to its ability to directly translate X-ray photon energies into electrical signals. Advanced acquisition techniques provide higher spatial resolution scans capable of enhanced bony microarchitecture and bone mineral density assessment. Together, these CT acquisition techniques will continue to play a substantial role in the practices of orthopedics, rheumatology, metabolic bone, oncology, and interventional radiology.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Skeletal Society (ISS).