牙本质血影细胞瘤（DGCT）是一种罕见的良性牙源性肿瘤，通常表现为实体性增殖特征，手术治疗后复发风险较高。我们在此报告一例发生在上颌骨并导致骨扩张的中央 DGCT 病例。这项研究强调了新的成像发现（特别是磁共振成像）以及组织病理学观察。此外，我们还对有关这种罕见肿瘤的现有文献进行了回顾。一名 37 岁男子的右脸颊出现肿胀。根据全景成像、计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像的影像学检查结果（包括骨扩张和肿瘤的内部特征）怀疑良性牙源性肿瘤，例如成釉细胞瘤。通过手术从右上颌骨切除病变。术后组织病理学检查明确诊断为中枢性 DGCT。肿瘤由上皮肿瘤岛组成，类似于成釉细胞瘤，位于紧密的纤维结缔组织内；还观察到大量的鬼细胞和牙本质的形成。我们曾怀疑影像学检查中磨牙周围微小的高密度区域代表牙槽骨的变化；然而，它代表牙本质的形成。这导致诊断病变变得困难。尽管 DGCT 可能会在影像学检查中呈现特征性发现，但其发生频率较低，并且在某些情况下，其发现可能包括是否存在没有明显钙化的阻生牙。本病例表明，当病变内部观察到高密度结构时，我们应该考虑牙源性肿瘤伴钙化的可能性。© 2024。作者。

A dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT) is a rare benign odontogenic tumor that commonly shows characteristics of solid proliferation and has a relatively high risk of recurrence after surgical treatment. We herein report a case of a central DGCT that occurred in the maxilla and resulted in bone expansion. This study highlights new imaging findings (particularly magnetic resonance imaging) along with histopathological observations. In addition, we conducted a review of the existing literature on this rare tumor. A 37-year-old man developed swelling around the right cheek. A benign odontogenic tumor such as ameloblastoma was suspected based on the imaging examination findings (including bone expansion and the internal characteristics of the tumor) on panoramic imaging, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The lesion was surgically excised from the right maxilla. Postoperative histopathological examination led to a definitive diagnosis of central DGCT. The tumor comprised epithelial neoplastic islands, resembling ameloblastoma, inside tight fibroconnective tissue; masses of ghost cells and formation of dentin were also observed. We had suspected that the minute high-density region around the molars on the imaging examinations represented alveolar bone change; however, it represented dentin formation. This led to difficulty diagnosing the lesion. Although DGCT may present characteristic findings on imaging examinations, its occurrence is infrequent, and in some cases, the findings may include the presence or absence of an impacted tooth without obvious calcification. The present case suggests that we should consider the possibility of an odontogenic tumor with calcification when high-density structures are observed inside the lesion.© 2024. The Author(s).