侵袭性肺曲霉病 (IPA) 是一种严重疾病，在接受或不接受同种异体造血干细胞移植 (HSCT) 的癌症、血液疾病或免疫缺陷儿科患者中具有较高的发病率和死亡率。手术干预在 IPA 治疗中的作用几乎没有被研究过。本研究的目的是提供肿瘤病房儿科患者 IPA 治疗的单中心经验，以确定胸部手术后的短期和长期结果。手术干预，并概述对选定患者进行手术干预的适应症。我们对 2003 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月期间在我们机构接受治疗的 44 名经证实和可能的 IPA 的儿科患者进行了回顾性研究。主要终点是手术干预后的总生存期。次要终点包括术后发病率和死亡率。我们队列中诊断 IPA 的中位年龄为 11.79 岁（范围 0.11-19.6）。 34 名患者（77%）的潜在病症为恶性肿瘤，9 名患者（23%）患有同种异体 HSCT 的血液学或免疫性疾病。我们对 10 名 (22.7%) 患者进行了胸部外科手术。大多数患者接受了视频辅助胸外科手术。只有一名患者在术后 90 天内死亡，中位随访时间为 50 个月。术后未发生其他重大并发症。经 IPA 计算，有治疗意图的手术干预后患者的 5 年生存率为 57%，无治疗意图的患者为 56% (p = .8216)。IPA 在我们的儿科患者队列中导致了相关的发病率和死亡率。对于选定的 IPA 儿科患者，作为多学科方法的一部分，胸外科干预是可行的，并且可能与延长生存期相关。有必要进行更大规模的研究来调查与手术必要性相关的变量。© 2024 作者。真菌病由 Wiley‐VCH GmbH 出版。

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality in paediatric patients with cancer, haematological diseases or immunodeficiencies with or without allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The role of surgical intervention for the management of IPA has scarcely been investigated.The aim of this study was to present a single center experience of management of IPA in paediatric patients of an oncological ward, to determine the short and long-term outcomes after thoracic surgical interventions, and to outline the indications of surgical interventions in selected patients.We conducted a retrospective study of 44 paediatric patients with proven and probable IPA treated in our institution between January 2003 and December 2021. The primary endpoint was the overall survival after surgical interventions. Secondary endpoints included post-operative morbidity and mortality.The median age at diagnosis of IPA in our cohort was 11.79 years (range 0.11-19.6). The underlying conditions were malignancies in 34 (77%) patients and haematological or immunological disorders with allogeneic HSCT in 9 (23%) patients. We performed thoracic surgical interventions in 10 (22.7%) patients. Most patients received a video assisted thoracic surgery. Only one patient died within 90 days after surgery with a median follow-up time of 50 months. No other major post-operative complications occurred. The calculated 5-year survival rate from IPA for patients after surgical intervention with curative intention was 57% and 56% for patients without (p = .8216).IPA resulted in relevant morbidity and mortality in our paediatric patient cohort. Thoracic surgical interventions are feasible and may be associated with prolonged survival as a part of multidisciplinary approach in selected paediatric patients with IPA. Larger scale studies are necessary to investigate the variables associated with the necessity of surgery.© 2024 The Author(s). Mycoses published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.