PET 成像，特别是使用氨基酸示踪剂，已成为神经胶质瘤患者临床治疗中解剖 MRI 的重要辅助手段。国际合作努力制定了神经胶质瘤 PET 成像的临床和技术指南。法定健康保险机构（尤其是欧洲国家）越来越愿意报销氨基酸 PET，这突显了其在临床实践中日益增长的重要性。将人工智能和放射组学整合到神经胶质瘤患者的 PET 成像中可能会显着改善肿瘤检测、分割和反应评估。我们正在努力促进这些技术的临床转化。计算机技术发展（例如量子计算机）的巨大进步可能有助于加速这些努力。下一代 PET 扫描仪，例如长轴视场 PET/CT 扫描仪，提高了图像质量和身体覆盖范围，因此扩大了神经肿瘤学 PET 成像的适应症范围（例如整个脊柱的 PET 成像） ）。神经胶质瘤患者的临床试验结果令人鼓舞，促进了 PET 示踪剂的开发，该示踪剂可指导神经胶质瘤中新型抗癌药物的治疗相关靶点（例如突变异柠檬酸脱氢酶），以改善疗效评估。此外，治疗诊断学在治疗神经内分泌肿瘤和前列腺癌等颅外肿瘤方面的成功目前促使人们努力将这种方法应用于神经胶质瘤患者。这些进步凸显了 PET 成像在神经肿瘤学中不断发展的作用，提供了对肿瘤生物学和治疗反应的见解，从而为个性化患者护理提供信息。尽管如此，这些创新值得在不久的将来得到进一步验证。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社代表神经肿瘤学会出版。版权所有。如需商业重复使用，请联系 reprints@oup.com 获取转载和转载的翻译权。所有其他权限均可通过我们网站文章页面上的“权限”链接通过我们的 RightsLink 服务获得 - 欲了解更多信息，请联系journals.permissions@oup.com。

PET imaging, particularly using amino acid tracers, has become a valuable adjunct to anatomical MRI in the clinical management of patients with glioma. Collaborative international efforts have led to the development of clinical and technical guidelines for PET imaging in gliomas. The increasing readiness of statutory health insurance agencies, especially in European countries, to reimburse amino acid PET underscores its growing importance in clinical practice. Integrating artificial intelligence and radiomics in PET imaging of patients with glioma may significantly improve tumor detection, segmentation, and response assessment. Efforts are ongoing to facilitate the clinical translation of these techniques. Considerable progress in computer technology developments (eg quantum computers) may be helpful to accelerate these efforts. Next-generation PET scanners, such as long-axial field-of-view PET/CT scanners, have improved image quality and body coverage and therefore expanded the spectrum of indications for PET imaging in Neuro-Oncology (eg PET imaging of the whole spine). Encouraging results of clinical trials in patients with glioma have prompted the development of PET tracers directing therapeutically relevant targets (eg the mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase) for novel anticancer agents in gliomas to improve response assessment. In addition, the success of theranostics for the treatment of extracranial neoplasms such as neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer has currently prompted efforts to translate this approach to patients with glioma. These advancements highlight the evolving role of PET imaging in Neuro-Oncology, offering insights into tumor biology and treatment response, thereby informing personalized patient care. Nevertheless, these innovations warrant further validation in the near future.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.