这项回顾性分析评估了使用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白 (ATG) 联合或不联合移植后环磷酰胺 (PTCy) 预防接受造血干细胞移植 (HSCT) 的急性白血病儿童的移植物抗宿主病 (GvHD)。该研究包括 57 名儿童，其中 ATG-PTCy 组 35 名，ATG 组 22 名。虽然急性和慢性 GvHD 的总体发生率在各组之间没有显着差异，但与 ATG-PTCy 组相比，ATG-PTCy 组的 II-IV 级急性 GvHD (p = 0.013) 和中度至重度慢性 GvHD (p = 0.001) 发生率较低。 ATG 组。重要的是，与 ATG 相比，ATG-PTCy 显着改善了 GvHD/无复发生存期 (GRFS)（65.71% vs. 36.63%；p = 0.003）。两组之间的植入、感染率、免疫重建、总生存期、无白血病生存期、复发率或非复发死亡率没有差异。 ATG 与 PTCy 联合治疗可能会减少接受 HSCT 治疗急性白血病的儿童中度至重度 GvHD 并改善 GRFS。

This retrospective analysis evaluated the use of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) with or without post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis in children with acute leukemia undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The study included 57 children, with 35 in the ATG-PTCy group and 22 in the ATG group. While overall incidence of acute and chronic GvHD did not differ significantly between groups, the ATG-PTCy group had lower rates of grade II-IV acute GvHD (p = 0.013) and moderate-to-severe chronic GvHD (p = 0.001) compared to the ATG group. Importantly, ATG-PTCy significantly improved GvHD/relapse-free survival (GRFS) compared to ATG (65.71% vs. 36.63%; p = 0.003). There were no differences in engraftment, infection rates, immune reconstitution, overall survival, leukemia-free survival, relapse rate, or non-relapse mortality between the two groups. Combining ATG with PTCy may reduce moderate-to-severe GvHD and improve GRFS in children undergoing HSCT for acute leukemia.