化疗可以提高癌症存活率，但也会造成严重的副作用。影响胃肠道的粘膜炎是许多抗肿瘤药物（例如5-氟尿嘧啶或甲氨蝶呤）急性引起的主要问题之一。粘膜炎可能导致疼痛、腹泻、厌食、体重减轻、全身感染甚至死亡。这篇叙述性评论的重点是肠道粘膜炎以及一些营养保健品，即维生素（脂溶性和水溶性）以及脂肪酸 (FA) 和脂类产品在其中的作用。在临床前（细胞培养、动物模型）和/或人体研究中，维生素 A、D、E、B2、B9 和 C、omega-3 长链 FA（二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、共轭亚油酸）、短链 FA（主要是丁酸）、中链脂肪酸（癸酸）和不同的脂质产品（鸸鹋油、特级初榨橄榄油、脂质替代疗法），富含有益的脂肪酸和天然抗氧化剂，被证明可以发挥有益的作用（两者预防性和姑息性）针对化疗引起的肠粘膜炎。尽管这些影响所涉及的确切作用机制尚不清楚，但我们的评论强调了对饮食和营养进行研究的兴趣，以实施科学稳健的策略，以改善癌症患者免受化疗引起的不良反应的保护。版权所有 © 2024。已发布由爱思唯尔公司

Chemotherapy has allowed an increase in cancer survivorship, but it causes important adverse effects. Mucositis affecting the gastrointestinal tract is one of the main problems acutely caused by many antineoplastic drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil or methotrexate. Mucositis may cause pain, diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss, systemic infections and even death. This narrative review focuses on intestinal mucositis and the role that some nutraceuticals, namely vitamins (both lipid- and water-soluble) as well as fatty acids (FAs) and lipid-based products, can have in it. In preclinical (cell cultures, animal models) and/or human studies, vitamins A, D, E, B2, B9 and C, omega-3 long-chain FAs (eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, conjugated linoleic acid), short-chain FAs (mainly butyrate), medium-chain FAs (capric acid), and different lipid-based products (emu oil, extra-virgin olive oil, lipid replacement therapy), enriched in beneficial FAs and natural antioxidants, were shown to exert beneficial effects (both preventative and palliative) against chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis. Although the exact mechanisms of action involved in these effects are not yet well known, our review highlights the interest of investigating on diet and nutrition to implement scientifically robust strategies to improve protection of cancer patients against chemotherapy-induced adverse effects.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.