肺癌是全世界最致命的癌症类型，每年有 180 万人死亡。吸烟占所有病例的 85% 左右，与不健康饮食联合作用会增加肺癌风险。因此，强烈建议采取公共卫生政策来防止致癌物暴露、促进戒烟和倡导健康营养。在这里，我们研究了地中海饮食（MedDiet）在预防包括肺癌在内的一些非传染性疾病方面的益处，强调了地中海饮食的流行病学和生物分子方面的抗炎作用及其与与肺癌风险密切相关的吸烟习惯的相互作用。考虑到肺癌的高发病率和死亡率，我们还讨论了地中海饮食的益处在全球范围内的推广可能对控制肺癌风险产生的全球影响。我们还讨论了个性化营养对肺癌预防的影响，考虑了个体对饮食计划的异质性以及肺癌研究中营养组学的最新进展，特别关注 microRNA (miRNA) 作为一种有前途的治疗方法的作用。预防肺癌的营养分子中心。我们坚信，深入了解食物成分与遗传/表观遗传学因素之间的分子联系可以扩大有效的干预策略。© 2024。作者。

Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer type worldwide with ~ 1.8 million deaths per-year. Smoking accounts for ~ 85% of all cases, with a described joint effect with unhealthy diet in lung cancer risk increase. Public health policies to prevent carcinogens exposure, promote smoking cessation and advocacy for healthy nutrition, are therefore highly recommended. Here we have examined the benefits of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) in protecting against some non-communicable diseases including lung cancer, highlighting the epidemiological and biomolecular aspects of MedDiet anti-inflammatory effect and its interaction with smoking habits closely linked to risk of lung cancer. Considering the high incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer, we discussed also about the global impact that a Planeterranean extension of the benefits of MedDiet could have on controlling lung cancer risk. We also debated the impact of personalized nutrition on lung cancer prevention, considering individual heterogeneity in response to diet plans as well as recent advancements on nutri-omics in lung cancer research, with a specific focus on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as a promising nutritional molecular hub for lung cancer prevention. We strongly believe that a deep understanding of the molecular link between food components and genetic/epigenetics factors can expand effective intervention strategies.© 2024. The Author(s).