心肌结构和功能异常是糖尿病心肌病 (DCM) 的标志，糖尿病心肌病是糖尿病 (DM) 的慢性后果。与非糖尿病母亲相比，母亲糖尿病会影响并增加糖尿病母亲发生心脏缺陷的风险。苦瓜由于多种生物活性化合物（植物化学物质）而表现出抗糖尿病作用，植物化学物质是一个广泛的类别，包括酚类化合物、生物碱、蛋白质、类固醇、无机化合物和脂质。将怀孕的母鼠分为四组：对照组（C）、苦瓜处理组（MC）、2型糖尿病（T2DM）组和糖尿病组（MC  DM）。患有糖尿病的母亲的血清葡萄糖、胰岛素、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平降低。心脏生物标志物，如心肌肌钙蛋白 T (cTnT)、肌酸激酶心肌带 (CK-MB) 和乳酸脱氢酶均升高。卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素、黄体酮和雌激素的激素水平显着下降。糖尿病母亲的白细胞介素 6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 和血管粘附分子 1 (VCAM-1) 等炎症标志物升高。氧化应激标记物表明母体心脏组织中丙二醛和一氧化氮水平增加，而谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶等抗氧化剂减少。糖尿病母亲心脏组织中肿瘤抑制因子 53 (P53) 和半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶 3 (Caspase-3) 等凋亡标志物的水平显着升高。组织病理学分析显示糖尿病母鼠的心脏组织异常。苦瓜提取物改善了母亲糖尿病引起的炎症、抗氧化水平和心脏组织结构的变化。© 2024 Wiley periodicals LLC。

Myocardial structural and functional abnormalities are hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a chronic consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Maternal DM affects and increases the risk of heart defects in diabetic mothers compared with nondiabetic mothers. Momordica charantia exhibits antidiabetic effects due to various bioactive compounds that are phytochemicals, a broad group that includes phenolic compounds, alkaloids, proteins, steroids, inorganic compounds, and lipids. Pregnant maternal rats were split into four groups: control (C), M. charantia-treated (MC), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (DM), and diabetic (MC + DM) groups. Diabetes mothers had increased serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Cardiac biomarkers such as cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase were increased. Hormone levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, and estrogen decreased significantly. Inflammatory markers such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were elevated in diabetic mothers. Oxidative stress markers indicated increased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, while antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were decreased in maternal heart tissue. The levels of apoptotic markers such as tumor suppressor 53 (P53) and cysteine aspartic protease-3 (caspase-3) were significantly greater in diabetic maternal heart tissue. Histopathological analysis revealed heart tissue abnormalities in diabetic maternal rats. M. charantia extract improved maternal diabetes-induced changes in inflammation, antioxidant levels, and heart tissue structure.© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.