白细胞免疫球蛋白样受体（LILR）B4（也称为ILT3/CD85k）是一种免疫检查点蛋白，在实体瘤和血液恶性肿瘤中高表达，在癌症的病理生理学中发挥重要作用。 LILRB4 在急性髓系白血病 (AML) 中高表达，这种表型与不良的患者预后相关。与正常组织相比，它在肿瘤中的差异表达、它在肿瘤干细胞中的存在以及它在肿瘤发生中的多方面作用使其成为 AML 的一个有前途的治疗靶点。目前，多种针对LILRB4的免疫疗法正在进行临床试验。本文综述了LILRB4在AML中的研究进展，重点介绍了其结构、配体、表达以及在正常组织和AML中的意义；其在 AML 中的促肿瘤作用和机制；以及LILRB4靶向疗法在AML中的应用。这些见解凸显了 LILRB4 作为 AML 背景下免疫治疗靶点的潜在优势。版权所有 © 2024 中华医学会，由 Wolters Kluwer, Inc. 根据 CC-BY-NC-ND 许可制作。

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) B4 (also known as ILT3/CD85k) is an immune checkpoint protein that is highly expressed in solid tumors and hematological malignancies and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of cancer. LILRB4 is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and this phenotype is associated with adverse patient outcomes. Its differential expression in tumors compared to normal tissues, its presence in tumor stem cells, and its multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis position it as a promising therapeutic target in AML. Currently, several immunotherapies targeting LILRB4 are undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes advancements made in the study of LILRB4 in AML, focusing on its structure, ligands, expression, and significance in normal tissues and AML; its protumorigenic effects and mechanisms in AML; and the application of LILRB4-targeted therapies in AML. These insights highlight the potential advantages of LILRB4 as an immunotherapeutic target in the context of AML.Copyright © 2024 The Chinese Medical Association, produced by Wolters Kluwer, Inc. under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.