尽管无菌饮食、移植后手术是一种预防肠道病原体渗透的患者护理临床策略，但人们对其对肠道微生物组的影响知之甚少。在此，研究了造血细胞移植后 120 天“无菌正常”饮食策略后白血病患者的肠道微生物组动态。与传统观念相反，无菌饮食导致肠道微生物群多样性最低（p < 0.05）和短链脂肪酸，促进了链球菌（增加 16.93%）和乳酸菌（增加 40.30）等潜在病原体的增殖。 %)，微生物相互作用网络内的节点减少了 43.32%，边缘减少了 85.33%。有趣的是，正常饮食可以使肠道微生物组恢复并显着促进有益细菌的丰度。这些结果表明，无菌饮食会导致患者肠道微生物群的崩溃，并促进潜在病原体的增殖。该测定是对无菌饮食效果进行更复杂评估的起点。这项工作还提出了重建微生物平衡的基本原则，即补充微生物类群可能是恢复退化生态系统的关键。© 2024 作者。 《Advanced Science》由 Wiley‐VCH GmbH 出版。

Though sterile diet, post-transplantation surgery is a clinical strategy for patient care to prevent the infiltration of gut pathogens, less is known about its effects on the gut microbiome. Here, the gut microbiome dynamics of leukemia patients following a 120-day "sterile-normal" diet strategy posthematopoietic cell transplantation are examined. In contrast to the traditional idea, a sterile diet leads to the lowest gut microbiota diversity (p < 0.05) and short-chain fatty acids, promoted the proliferation of potential pathogens such as Streptococcus (up by 16.93%) and Lactobacillus (up by 40.30%), and 43.32% reduction in nodes and an 85.33% reduction in edges within the microbial interaction's network. Interestingly, a normal diet allows the gut microbiome recovery and significantly promotes the abundance of beneficial bacteria. These results indicate that a sterile diet leads to a collapse of the patient's gut microbiome and promoted the proliferation of potential pathogens. This assay is a starting point for a more sophisticated assessment of the effects of a sterile diet. The work also suggests a basic principle for the re-establishment of microbial equilibrium that supplementation of microbial taxa may be the key to the restoration of the degraded ecosystem.© 2024 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.