胰腺癌（PC）恶性程度高、预后差，对下一代疗法的基础研究和临床转化提出了严峻挑战。免疫疗法的兴起改善了多种实体瘤的治疗，但其在PC中的应用却受到免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境的挑战而受到高度限制。纳米技术作为药物递送平台和免疫佐剂的最新进展，改善了多种疾病背景下的药物递送，增强了基于免疫疗法的肿瘤治疗。本文基于PC的免疫环路和肿瘤临床免疫治疗的现状，讨论并批判分析了免疫疗法适应PC治疗的关键转化难点，进而提出了新型纳米载体药物递送和治疗的合理设计策略。免疫调节，特别是联合免疫治疗的设计。本综述还对未来的研究方向提出了前瞻性的看法，为结合下一代纳米技术和免疫治疗的PC临床治疗新手段提供信息。© 2024 Pan et al.

The high malignant degree and poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) pose severe challenges to the basic research and clinical translation of next-generation therapies. The rise of immunotherapy has improved the treatment of a variety of solid tumors, while the application in PC is highly restricted by the challenge of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The latest progress of nanotechnology as drug delivery platform and immune adjuvant has improved drug delivery in a variety of disease backgrounds and enhanced tumor therapy based on immunotherapy. Based on the immune loop of PC and the status quo of clinical immunotherapy of tumors, this article discussed and critically analyzed the key transformation difficulties of immunotherapy adaptation to the treatment of PC, and then proposed the rational design strategies of new nanocarriers for drug delivery and immune regulation, especially the design of combined immunotherapy. This review also put forward prospective views on future research directions, so as to provide information for the new means of clinical treatment of PC combined with the next generation of nanotechnology and immunotherapy.© 2024 Pan et al.