电解消融 (EA) 是一种新兴的实体瘤治疗方法，其中电能催化化学反应，产生可以根除癌细胞的活性物质。然而，由于电极设计的空间有效性有限和复杂性，该技术的应用受到限制。因此，将纳米技术纳入 EA 预计将是一项重大改进。在此，我们提出了一种基于二果糖二酐 IV 共轭聚乙烯亚胺-聚乙二醇修饰的金纳米棒作为电纳米天线和 EA 纳米电催化剂的治疗方法。我们证明，方波直流（DC）场会触发金纳米棒表面上的水分子和氯离子之间的反应，在电极附近产生包括氢气、氧气和氯气在内的电解产物，改变pH值并诱导细胞死亡。这些电纳米天线在直流治疗后在体外和体内均显示出显着的治疗结直肠癌的功效。这些发现清楚地表明，金纳米天线通过产生局部电场和催化电解反应来诱导肿瘤内局部 pH 值变化，从而增强 EA 的有效性。通过克服传统 EA 的局限性并提供更高水平的肿瘤特异性和控制，这种纳米技术集成方法进一步推动了癌症治疗的创新。

Electrolytic ablation (EA) is a burgeoning treatment for solid tumors, in which electrical energy catalyzes a chemical reaction to generate reactive species that can eradicate cancer cells. However, the application of this technique has been constrained owing to the limited spatial effectiveness and complexity of the electrode designs. Therefore, the incorporation of nanotechnology into EA is anticipated to be a significant improvement. Herein, we present a therapeutic approach based on difructose dianhydride IV-conjugated polyethylenimine-polyethylene glycol-modified gold nanorods as electric nanoantennas and nanoelectrocatalysts for EA. We demonstrate that square-wave direct current (DC) fields trigger a reaction between water molecules and chloride ions on the gold nanorod surface, generating electrolytic products including hydrogen, oxygen, and chlorine gases near the electrodes, changing the pH, and inducing cell death. These electric nanoantennas showed significant efficacy in treating colorectal cancer both in vitro and in vivo after DC treatment. These findings clearly indicate that gold nanoantennas enhance the effectiveness of EA by creating a localized electric field and catalyzing electrolytic reactions for the induction of locoregional pH changes within the tumor. By overcoming the limitations of traditional EA and offering an enhanced level of tumor specificity and control, this nanotechnology-integrated approach advances further innovations in cancer therapies.