随着 3D 培养技术的进步，为人类生理癌症模型的开发开辟了新的途径。这些临床前模型提供了将基础癌症研究转化为临床肿瘤治疗的有效方法。最近，癌症类器官已成为剖析更复杂的肿瘤微环境的模型。将癌症类器官纳入临床前项目有可能提高肿瘤药物开发的成功率，并为癌症患者概括最有效的治疗方案。在这篇综述中，介绍了四种主要类型的癌症类器官，讨论了它们的应用、优势、局限性和前景，以及最近单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq）在探索癌症类器官方面的应用，以推动这一领域的发展。 © 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH。

As 3D culture technology advances, new avenues have opened for the development of physiological human cancer models. These preclinical models provide efficient ways to translate basic cancer research into clinical tumor therapies. Recently, cancer organoids have emerged as a model to dissect the more complex tumor microenvironment. Incorporating cancer organoids into preclinical programs have the potential to increase the success rate of oncology drug development and recapitulate the most efficacious treatment regimens for cancer patients. In this review, four main types of cancer organoids are introduced, their applications, advantages, limitations, and prospects are discussed, as well as the recent application of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) in exploring cancer organoids to advance this field.© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.