创新的 PD-1/PD-L1 通路策略在癌症治疗中获得了巨大的关注。然而，对 PD-1/PD-L1 抑制剂的反应率波动为 20-40%，加上免疫治疗后超进展的风险，强调需要准确的患者选择和识别更多的受益者。分子成像，特别是近红外 (NIR) 荧光成像，是体内动态 PD-L1 表达的实时、无创可视化的有价值的替代方案。本研究介绍了 AUNP-12，这是一种与 Cy5.5 和 CH1055 缀合的新型 PD-L1 靶向肽拮抗剂，用于第一 (NIR-I) 和第二近红外 (NIR-II) 成像。这些探针已被证明可以有效绘制各种小鼠肿瘤模型中的 PD-L1 表达图谱，从而提供对肿瘤免疫相互作用的见解。这项研究强调了 AUNP-12-Cy5.5 和 AUNP-12-CH1055 通过精确的患者分层和动态监测指导临床免疫治疗的潜力，支持向个性化癌症护理的分子成像转变。

The innovative PD-1/PD-L1 pathway strategy is gaining significant traction in cancer therapeutics. However, fluctuating response rates of 20-40% to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, coupled with the risk of hyperprogression after immunotherapy, underscore the need for accurate patient selection and the identification of more beneficiaries. Molecular imaging, specifically near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging, is a valuable alternative for real-time, noninvasive visualization of dynamic PD-L1 expression in vivo. This research introduces AUNP-12, a novel PD-L1-targeting peptide antagonist conjugated with Cy5.5 and CH1055 for first (NIR-I) and second near-infrared (NIR-II) imaging. These probes have proven to be effective in mapping PD-L1 expression across various mouse tumor models, offering insights into tumor-immune interactions. This study highlights the potential of AUNP-12-Cy5.5 and AUNP-12-CH1055 for guiding clinical immunotherapy through precise patient stratification and dynamic monitoring, supporting the shift toward molecular imaging for personalized cancer care.