免疫功能低下的个体，例如被诊断患有癌症的个体，在感染 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) 时患严重疾病和死亡的风险明显高于普通人群。两种口服抗病毒药物被批准用于治疗 COVID-19：Paxlovid®（nirmatrelvir/ritonavir）和 Lagevrio®（molnupiravir）。关于这些抗病毒药物对免疫功能低下的癌症患者的益处的数据很少，最近的研究质疑它们在接种疫苗的患者中的疗效，甚至是那些具有严重 COVID-19 危险因素的患者。我们评估了尼马瑞韦/利托那韦的疗效和安全性使用我们的数据库，该数据库包含来自布朗大学附属医院的 457 名癌症和 COVID-19 患者。 67 名患者接受了尼马瑞韦/利托那韦或莫努匹拉韦治疗，并与 45 名未接受抗病毒治疗的同期对照组进行了比较。有资格接收它。给予 nirmatrelvir/ritonavir 或 molnupiravir 与改善生存率、降低 90 天全因死亡率和 COVID-19 死亡率相关 (p<0.05)，并降低峰值 O2 需求量（序数比值比 [OR] 1.52，95% 置信度）区间 [CI] 0.92-2.56)。我们承认样本量较小是一个限制，我们得出的结论是，当感染 SARS-CoV-2 时，早期抗病毒治疗可能对免疫功能低下的个体，特别是癌症患者有益。需要对该患者群体进行更大规模、分层良好的研究。© 2024。作者获得 Springer-Verlag GmbH 德国（Springer Nature 旗下公司）的独家许可。

Immunocompromised individuals, such as those diagnosed with cancer, are at a significantly higher risk for severe illness and mortality when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) than the general population. Two oral antiviral treatments are approved for COVID-19: Paxlovid® (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) and Lagevrio® (molnupiravir). There is a paucity of data regarding the benefit from these antivirals among immunocompromised patients with cancer, and recent studies have questioned their efficacy among vaccinated patients, even those with risk factors for severe COVID-19.We evaluated the efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir in preventing severe illness and death using our database of 457 patients with cancer and COVID-19 from Brown University-affiliated hospitals.Sixty-seven patients received nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or molnupiravir and were compared to 45 concurrent controls who received no antiviral treatment despite being eligible to receive it. Administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or molnupiravir was associated with improved survival and lower 90-day all-cause and COVID-19-attributed mortality (p < 0.05) and with lower peak O2 requirements (ordinal odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92-2.56).Acknowledging the small size of our sample as a limitation, we concluded that early antiviral treatment might be beneficial to immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with cancer, when infected with SARS-CoV-2. Larger-scale, well-stratified studies are needed in this patient population.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.