骨骼肌是最复杂和最大的组织之一，在体内执行重要的过程，包括进行随意运动和维持体温。肌肉稳态的破坏会导致多种疾病的发生，包括糖尿病和肌肉减少症。为了研究骨骼肌的发育和再生动力学以及肌肉疾病背后的机制，在体外建立骨骼肌和疾病模型非常重要。由于骨骼肌具有复杂的结构以及与执行其功能所需的其他组织和细胞的相互作用，因此传统的二维培养不足以模拟骨骼肌及其相互作用。类器官和组合体领域的进步将有助于建立更复杂、更真实的组织或疾病模型，这些模型无法在传统的 2D 培养系统中完全重现，可用于疾病研究、再生和组织生物学等多个领域。为了克服这些限制，3D 类器官系统和组装体系统很有前途，因为它们成功地概括了骨骼肌的复杂结构组织、功能和细胞相互作用。© 2024。作者，获得 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 的独家许可。

Skeletal muscle is one of the most complex and largest tissues that perform important processes in the body, including performing voluntary movements and maintaining body temperature. Disruption of muscle homeostasis results in the development of several disorders, including diabetes and sarcopenia. To study the developmental and regenerative dynamics of skeletal muscle and the mechanism behind muscle diseases, it is important to model skeletal muscle and diseases in vitro. Since skeletal muscle has a complex structure and interaction with other tissues and cells that are required to perform their function, conventional 2D cultures are not sufficient to model the skeletal muscle with their interactions. Advances in the field of organoids and assembloids will enable the establishment of more complex and realistic tissue or disease models which cannot be fully recapitulated in conventional 2D culture systems for use in several areas, including disease research, regenerative, and tissue biology. To overcome these limitations, 3D organoid systems and assembloid systems are promising because of their success in recapitulating the complex structural organization, function, and cellular interactions of skeletal muscle.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.