肺癌是全世界最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，每年导致超过一百万人与癌症相关的死亡。尽管对与肺癌易感性和预后相关的遗传因素进行了广泛的研究，但很少有研究探讨与免疫系统有关的遗传倾向。这篇综述讨论了与肺癌易感性或预防、患者生存和治疗反应相关的最新基因组发现。结果证明了免疫遗传变异对先天性和适应性免疫反应、细胞因子和趋化因子分泌以及信号通路相关的免疫系统相关基因的影响。这些遗传多样性可能会影响肿瘤微环境中肿瘤和免疫细胞之间的串扰，从而影响癌症的进展、侵袭和预后。鉴于个体免疫基因组学特征存在相当大的变异性，未来的研究应优先考虑大规模分析，以利用高通量技术在不同人群中识别与肺癌相关的潜在遗传变异。这种方法将为预测靶向治疗的反应提供进一步的信息，并促进个体化癌症治疗新措施的开发。版权所有 © 2024 Roshan-Zamir、Khademolhosseini、Rajalingam、Ghaderi 和 Rajalingam。

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, contributing to over a million cancer-related deaths annually. Despite extensive research investigating the genetic factors associated with lung cancer susceptibility and prognosis, few studies have explored genetic predispositions regarding the immune system. This review discusses the most recent genomic findings related to the susceptibility to or protection against lung cancer, patient survival, and therapeutic responses. The results demonstrated the effect of immunogenetic variations in immune system-related genes associated with innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine, and chemokine secretions, and signaling pathways. These genetic diversities may affect the crosstalk between tumor and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, influencing cancer progression, invasion, and prognosis. Given the considerable variability in the individual immunegenomics profiles, future studies should prioritize large-scale analyses to identify potential genetic variations associated with lung cancer using highthroughput technologies across different populations. This approach will provide further information for predicting response to targeted therapy and promotes the development of new measures for individualized cancer treatment.Copyright © 2024 Roshan-Zamir, Khademolhosseini, Rajalingam, Ghaderi and Rajalingam.