外泌体代表一种源自内体途径的细胞外囊泡，可运输多种分子货物，例如蛋白质、脂质和核酸。这些货物已成为影响疾病诊断、治疗和预后的关键元素，并且是外泌体形成过程中不可或缺的一部分。这篇综述深入研究了外泌体生产和释放阶段涉及的重要分子货物。重点强调它们作为癌症生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点的重要性，同时探索与这些发展相关的障碍和可行的应用。版权所有 © 2024 Liu、Wen、Zhang、Zhang、Liu 和 Wang。

Exosomes represent a type of extracellular vesicles derived from the endosomal pathway that transport diverse molecular cargoes such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These cargoes have emerged as crucial elements impacting disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and are integral to the process of exosome formation. This review delves into the essential molecular cargoes implicated in the phases of exosome production and release. Emphasis is placed on their significance as cancer biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, accompanied by an exploration of the obstacles and feasible applications linked to these developments.Copyright © 2024 Liu, Wen, Zhang, Zhang, Liu and Wang.