肾鳞状细胞癌（SCC）是一种与其他肾脏恶性肿瘤相比极为罕见的肿瘤。典型的表现包括可触及的肿块和胁腹疼痛；然而，演示很少是不具体的。我们的研究描述了肾癌中程序性死亡配体-1 (PD-L1) 表达的重要性及其与临床结果的关联，以及可用的治疗方案。一名有高血压和脑动脉瘤病史的 80 岁女性腰部疼痛和尿血，被诊断为肾盂肾炎和左肾肿块/蜂窝织炎。活检显示肾脏鳞状细胞癌并转移至肺和主动脉腔淋巴结。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）扫描证实肾脏和肺部存在恶性肿瘤。开始使用派姆单抗和卡铂加紫杉醇进行治疗，但由于血红蛋白迅速下降，耐受性很差。鳞状细胞癌由于其罕见性和非特异性症状而给诊断带来了挑战，常常导致晚期诊断。 PD-L1 表达对于评估肿瘤侵袭性和预后至关重要。 PD-L1 抑制剂带来了希望，但其在肾 SCC 中的疗效值得进一步研究。根治性肾切除术和全身化疗在晚期病例中显示出潜力，因此需要警惕治疗相关副作用。该病例强调需要不断进行研究，以完善肾鳞状细胞癌患者的治疗方法并提高预后。PD-L1 表达对于评估肾细胞癌的肿瘤侵袭性和预后至关重要。PD-L1 抑制剂有望作为肾鳞状细胞癌的治疗干预措施癌症。根治性肾切除术和全身化疗显示出治疗晚期肾癌的潜力。© EFIM 2024。

Renal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a neoplasm with an extremely rare occurrence compared to other renal malignancies. The classic presentation includes a palpable mass and flank pain; however, the presentation is seldom non-specific. Our study describes the significance of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in renal cancer and its association with clinical outcomes, alongside available treatment options.An 80-year-old female with a history of hypertension and cerebral aneurysm presented with right flank pain and blood in urine and was diagnosed with pyelonephritis and left renal mass/phlegmon. A biopsy revealed SCC of the kidney with metastasis to the lung and aortocaval lymph node. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan confirmed malignancy in the kidney and lung. Treatment with pemrolizumab and carboplatin plus paclitaxel was initiated but poorly tolerated as the haemoglobin dropped rapidly.SCC poses a diagnostic challenge due to its rarity and non-specific symptoms, often leading to advanced stage diagnosis. PD-L1 expression is pivotal in assessing tumour aggressiveness and prognosis. PD-L1 inhibitors offer promise, but their efficacy in renal SCC warrants further investigation. Radical nephrectomy and systemic chemotherapy show potential in advanced cases, necessitating vigilant management of treatment-related side effects. This case emphasises the need for ongoing research to refine therapeutic approaches and enhance outcomes in renal SCC patients.PD-L1 expression is pivotal in assessing tumour aggressiveness and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma.PD-L1 inhibitors hold promise as a therapeutic intervention in renal squamous cancer.Radical nephrectomy and systemic chemotherapy show potential in managing advanced renal cancer.© EFIM 2024.