2015年，美国食品和药物管理局批准nivolumab作为第一个治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的免疫疗法。然而，在肺癌中引入免疫疗法后，缺乏基于人群的生存获益研究。本研究检查了免疫治疗前和免疫治疗时代 NSCLC 患者的总生存期 (OS) 和癌症特异性生存期。本研究使用了监测、流行病学和最终结果数据库，该数据库涵盖 2000 年至 2020 年的 17 个登记处。两个队列划定：免疫治疗前（2010-2014年）和免疫治疗（2015-2020年），与nivolumab的批准同时进行。这项研究包括191,802名患者，其中90,807名处于免疫治疗前时代，100,995名处于免疫治疗时代。 Kaplan-Meier 曲线显示，免疫治疗时代的 OS 明显更高（1 年 OS，40.1% vs. 33.5%；3 年 OS，17.8% vs. 11.7%；5 年 OS，10.7% vs. 11.7%）。 6.8%；中位 OS，8 个月与 7 个月；通过对数秩检验，p < .001）。同样，免疫治疗时代的癌症特异性生存率也得到了改善（1 年生存率，44.0% vs. 36.8%；3 年生存率，21.7% vs. 14.4%；5 年生存率，14.3% vs. 9.0%；中位 OS ，10 个月与 8 个月；通过对数秩检验，p < .001）。在调整年龄、性别、种族、收入和地理区域后，通过 Cox 比例风险模型的多变量分析证实，免疫治疗时代的生存率明显更高（调整后的风险比，0.830；95% CI，0.821-0.840； p < 0.001)。总而言之，自免疫疗法引入以来，转移性 NSCLC 患者的生存率有所提高。© 2024 美国癌症协会。

In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration approved nivolumab as the first immunotherapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, population-based survival benefit studies after the introduction of immunotherapy in lung cancer are lacking. This study examined overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival in patients with NSCLC in the pre immunotherapy and immunotherapy eras.This study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, which spanned 17 registries from 2000 to 2020. Two cohorts were delineated: preimmunotherapy (2010-2014) and immunotherapy (2015-2020), which coincided with nivolumab's approval.This study included 191,802 patients, 90,807 in the preimmunotherapy era and 100,995 in the immunotherapy era. OS was significantly higher in the immunotherapy era, as shown by Kaplan-Meier curves (1-year OS, 40.1% vs. 33.5%; 3-year OS, 17.8% vs. 11.7%; 5-year OS, 10.7% vs. 6.8%; median OS, 8 vs. 7 months; p < .001 by log-rank test). Similarly, cancer-specific survival improved in the immunotherapy era (1-year survival, 44.0% vs. 36.8%; 3-year survival, 21.7% vs. 14.4%; 5-year survival, 14.3% vs. 9.0%; median OS, 10 vs. 8 months; p < .001 by log-rank test). Survival rates were significantly better in the immunotherapy era, as confirmed by multivariate analysis with a Cox proportional hazards model after adjusting for age, sex, race, income, and geographical area (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.830; 95% CI, 0.821-0.840; p < .001).In summary, the survival rate of patients with metastatic NSCLC has improved since the introduction of immunotherapy.© 2024 American Cancer Society.