抗体是正在进行和未来 B 细胞反应的强大调节剂。虽然抗体反馈的概念已被人们所重视一个多世纪了，但由于有证据表明，第三次 mRNA 疫苗接种后抗体对 SARS-CoV-2 的反应范围扩大是抗体反馈的结果，因此该主题的兴趣激增。此外，缓慢的抗原递送可导致更强大的体液免疫这一发现使人们关注早期抗体增强 B 细胞反应的能力。在这里，我们回顾了抗体反馈塑造 B 细胞反应的机制，整合了人类和小鼠模型中的发现。我们考虑了表位掩蔽以及补体和 Fc 受体的不同作用的主要影响，并提供了一个框架来概念化抗原特异性抗体可能影响 B 细胞对任何形式抗原的反应的方式，在传染病、自身免疫、和癌症。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。

Antibodies are powerful modulators of ongoing and future B cell responses. While the concept of antibody feedback has been appreciated for over a century, the topic has seen a surge in interest due to the evidence that the broadening of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 after a third mRNA vaccination is a consequence of antibody feedback. Moreover, the discovery that slow antigen delivery can lead to more robust humoral immunity has put a spotlight on the capacity for early antibodies to augment B cell responses. Here, we review the mechanisms whereby antibody feedback shapes B cell responses, integrating findings in humans and in mouse models. We consider the major influence of epitope masking and the diverse actions of complement and Fc receptors and provide a framework for conceptualizing the ways antigen-specific antibodies may influence B cell responses to any form of antigen, in conditions as diverse as infectious disease, autoimmunity, and cancer.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.