工程药物输送载体技术不断发展，提高了工作效率并最大限度地减少副作用，使其更有效、更安全。治疗剂在恶劣的细胞外环境中保持不受损的强大能力有助于药物开发工作的成功。考虑到这一点，提高稳定性和降低免疫原性的生物药物的改变已成为此类努力日益活跃的焦点。红细胞（RBC），也称为红细胞，由于其在多年研究中的显着特性，作为潜在的药物输送载体受到了广泛的审查。这些包括内在的生物相容性、最小的免疫原性、灵活性和延长的体循环。在整个研究过程中，出现了各种基于红细胞的药物输送平台。这些包括基因工程红细胞、非基因改造红细胞和红细胞膜包被的纳米粒子，每种都是为了满足一系列生物医学目标而设计的。鉴于红细胞在循环系统中的普遍存在，红细胞因其作为人造纳米载体仿生涂层的潜力而受到广泛关注。凭借其表面模拟能力和可定制的核心材料，模仿这些红细胞的纳米载体在药物输送、成像、光疗、免疫调节、传感和检测等一系列应用中具有广阔的前景。这些多方面的功能强调了各种疾病的巨大治疗和诊断潜力。我们提出的综述提供了在癌症背景下红细胞治疗诊断利用方面的最新进展的综合。它还深入探讨了该研究领域固有的主要挑战和前景。本综述的重点是强调基于红细胞的治疗诊断系统在抗击癌症方面的重要性。此外，它精确地记录了定制这些仿生纳米级制剂属性的最新、最具体的方法，削弱了癌症治疗和管理的各种发现。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。

The technique of engineering drug delivery vehicles continues to develop, which bring enhancements in working more efficiently and minimizing side effects to make it more effective and safer. The intense capability of therapeutic agents to remain undamaged in a harsh extracellular environment is helpful to the success of drug development efforts. With this in mind, alterations of biopharmaceuticals with enhanced stability and decreased immunogenicity have been an increasingly active focus of such efforts. Red blood cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes have undergone extensive scrutiny as potential vehicles for drug delivery due to their remarkable attributes over the years of research. These include intrinsic biocompatibility, minimal immunogenicity, flexibility, and prolonged systemic circulation. Throughout the course of investigation, a diverse array of drug delivery platforms based on RBCs has emerged. These encompass genetically engineered RBCs, non-genetically modified RBCs, and RBC membrane-coated nanoparticles, each devised to cater to a range of biomedical objectives. Given their prevalence in the circulatory system, RBCs have gained significant attention for their potential to serve as biomimetic coatings for artificial nanocarriers. By virtue of their surface emulation capabilities and customizable core materials, nanocarriers mimicking these RBCs, hold considerable promise across a spectrum of applications, spanning drug delivery, imaging, phototherapy, immunomodulation, sensing, and detection. These multifaceted functionalities underscore the considerable therapeutic and diagnostic potential across various diseases. Our proposed review provides the synthesis of recent strides in the theranostic utilization of erythrocytes in the context of cancer. It also delves into the principal challenges and prospects intrinsic to this realm of research. The focal point of this review pertains to accentuating the significance of erythrocyte-based theranostic systems in combating cancer. Furthermore, it precisely records the latest and the most specific methodologies for tailoring the attributes of these biomimetic nanoscale formulations, attenuating various discoveries for the treatment and management of cancer.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.