癌症免疫疗法基于对肿瘤免疫监视和免疫逃避机制的理解，利用人体的免疫系统来对抗恶性肿瘤。这种治疗方法重新激活抗肿瘤免疫反应，可分为主动、被动和联合免疫策略。主动免疫疗法通过补充细胞因子或疫苗接种来利用宿主免疫力，使免疫系统识别和攻击肿瘤细胞。相反，被动免疫疗法采用外源性药物，例如单克隆抗体（抗 CTLA4、抗 PD1、抗 PD-L1）或采用基因工程嵌合抗原受体 (CAR) T 或 NK 细胞的过继细胞移植 (ACT)，以发挥抗肿瘤作用。在过去的几十年里，CAR-T 细胞疗法在肿瘤治疗中获得了巨大的关注，通过其靶向方法带来了希望。然而，与 CAR-T 细胞相关的潜在副作用，包括细胞因子释放综合征 (CRS)、肿瘤外毒性和神经毒性，值得仔细考虑。最近，CAR-NK 细胞疗法已成为肿瘤免疫治疗领域的一种有前途的替代方案，其特点是其相对于 CAR-T 细胞疗法的先天优势。在这篇综述中，我们将综合 CAR-NK 细胞疗法的最新研究和临床进展。我们将阐明在肿瘤学中使用 CAR-NK 细胞的治疗益处，并批判性地研究阻碍其更广泛应用的发展瓶颈。我们的讨论旨在全面概述 CAR-NK 细胞在癌症免疫治疗中的现状和未来潜力。© 2024。作者。

Cancer immunotherapy harnesses the body's immune system to combat malignancies, building upon an understanding of tumor immunosurveillance and immune evasion mechanisms. This therapeutic approach reactivates anti-tumor immune responses and can be categorized into active, passive, and combined immunization strategies. Active immunotherapy engages the immune system to recognize and attack tumor cells by leveraging host immunity with cytokine supplementation or vaccination. Conversely, passive immunotherapy employs exogenous agents, such as monoclonal antibodies (anti-CTLA4, anti-PD1, anti-PD-L1) or adoptive cell transfers (ACT) with genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T or NK cells, to exert anti-tumor effects. Over the past decades, CAR-T cell therapies have gained significant traction in oncological treatment, offering hope through their targeted approach. However, the potential adverse effects associated with CAR-T cells, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), off-tumor toxicity, and neurotoxicity, warrant careful consideration. Recently, CAR-NK cell therapy has emerged as a promising alternative in the landscape of tumor immunotherapy, distinguished by its innate advantages over CAR-T cell modalities. In this review, we will synthesize the latest research and clinical advancements in CAR-NK cell therapies. We will elucidate the therapeutic benefits of employing CAR-NK cells in oncology and critically examine the developmental bottlenecks impeding their broader application. Our discussion aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and future potential of CAR-NK cells in cancer immunotherapy.© 2024. The Author(s).