性别在癌症的发生、发展以及营养物质和能量的代谢中起着至关重要的作用。男性和女性在各种类型的癌症（包括某些性别特异性肿瘤）的发病率、预后和治疗反应方面表现出显着差异。据观察，男性胶质瘤患者比女性患者发病率更高，预后更差，但目前对胶质瘤性别差异的系统评价有限。本研究的目的是概述性激素水平的波动及其受体表达的变化与神经胶质瘤的发病、进展、治疗和预后之间的关系。雌激素可能对神经胶质瘤患者有保护作用，而暴露于雄激素会增加患神经胶质瘤的风险。我们还讨论了性别之间在神经胶质瘤的恶性性质和预后方面的具体遗传和分子差异。 TP53、MGMT甲基化状态等因素可能起着至关重要的作用。因此，在治疗神经胶质瘤时必须考虑患者的性别，特别是激素和分子水平上的差异。这种方法有助于采用个体化治疗策略。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

Gender plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cancer, as well as in the metabolism of nutrients and energy. Men and women display significant differences in the incidence, prognosis, and treatment response across various types of cancer, including certain sex-specific tumors. It has been observed that male glioma patients have a higher incidence and worse prognosis than female patients, but there is currently a limited systematic evaluation of sex differences in gliomas. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the association between fluctuations in sex hormone levels and changes in their receptor expression with the incidence, progression, treatment, and prognosis of gliomas. Estrogen may have a protective effect on glioma patients, while exposure to androgens increases the risk of glioma. We also discussed the specific genetic and molecular differences between genders in terms of the malignant nature and prognosis of gliomas. Factors such as TP53, MGMT methylation status may play a crucial role. Therefore, it is essential to consider the gender of patients while treating glioma, particularly the differences at the hormonal and molecular levels. This approach can help in the adoption of an individualized treatment strategy.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.