记忆膨胀被证实是哺乳动物病毒感染后最常见的以抗原非依赖性方式发生的宿主免疫失调。通过产生大量的效应/记忆和终末分化的效应记忆 CD8 T 细胞（幼稚亚群减少），记忆膨胀被认为在病毒感染和多种疾病的发作之间发挥着关键作用。在这里，我们回顾了目前对记忆膨胀 CD8 T 细胞的理解，了解其与耗尽子集不同的独特表型特征；调节记忆膨胀形成的内在和外在作用；以及维持通货膨胀人口扩张和增殖的关键蛋白质。更重要的是，基于临床和动物模型的证据，我们总结了记忆膨胀引发自身免疫性神经病（如吉兰-巴利综合征和多发性硬化症）的潜在机制；肿瘤发生与肿瘤免疫疗法耐药性之间的记忆膨胀的相关性；以及记忆膨胀对促进血管疾病进展的影响。总而言之，更好地理解记忆膨胀可以为我们提供超越病毒感染急性期的机会，并揭示 CD8 T 细胞异质性对抑制宿主免疫稳态的长期影响。© 2024 ）。北京干细胞与再生医学研究院和John Wiley联合出版的《细胞增殖》

Memory inflation is confirmed as the most commonly dysregulation of host immunity with antigen-independent manner in mammals after viral infection. By generating large numbers of effector/memory and terminal differentiated effector memory CD8+ T cells with diminished naïve subsets, memory inflation is believed to play critical roles in connecting the viral infection and the onset of multiple diseases. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of memory inflated CD8+ T cells in their distinct phenotypic features that different from exhausted subsets; the intrinsic and extrinsic roles in regulating the formation of memory inflation; and the key proteins in maintaining the expansion and proliferation of inflationary populations. More importantly, based on the evidences from both clinic and animal models, we summarized the potential mechanisms of memory inflation to trigger autoimmune neuropathies, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and multiple sclerosis; the correlations of memory inflation between tumorigenesis and resistance of tumour immunotherapies; as well as the effects of memory inflation to facilitate vascular disease progression. To sum up, better understanding of memory inflation could provide us an opportunity to beyond the acute phase of viral infection, and shed a light on the long-term influences of CD8+ T cell heterogeneity in dampen host immune homeostasis.© 2024 The Author(s). Cell Proliferation published by Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.