预期寿命方面的社会经济差异在包括智利在内的各种情况下都有据可查。然而，缺乏对预期寿命不平等和寿命随时间变化趋势的研究。解决这些差距可以为了解健康不平等的动态提供重要见解。这项研究利用人口普查记录、人口调查和死亡证明中的数据，根据个人在健康分布中的排名，比较预期寿命和 26 岁时的寿命变化。在他们自己的出生群体中受教育的年数。该分析跨越三个时期（1991 年、2002 年和 2017 年），重点关注两个教育群体：教育程度第一（最低）五分之一和第十（最高）十分之一的个人。预期寿命的变化按主要死因进行分类，以阐明其对总体趋势的贡献。与现有文献一致，我们的研究结果证实，与受教育程度较高的人相比，受教育程度较低的人的预期寿命较低，寿命变异较大。值得注意的是，到 2017 年，受教育程度最低的五分之一的人的预期寿命已赶上 1991 年最高十分之一的人的预期寿命，尽管性别之间的趋势形成鲜明对比。在女性中，这一差距有所缩小，而在男性中，这一差距有所扩大。此外，对于第十十分之一（第一个五分位数）的个体，寿命变异随着时间的推移而减少（增加）。导致十分之一女性和男性以及前五分之一女性预期寿命延长的主要原因是心血管疾病、癌症、呼吸系统疾病和消化系统疾病。就前五分之一的男性而言，癌症导致的预期寿命几乎没有增加，并且与消化系统状况相关的负面贡献。这项研究强调了智利预期寿命持续存在的社会经济差异，强调了持续监测癌症的重要性不同人口群体的健康不平等。特定性别和教育梯度趋势突出了旨在减少健康差距和改善总体人口健康结果的有针对性干预措施的领域。有必要开展进一步的研究，深入探讨导致预期寿命差异的具体死亡原因，并为基于证据的政策干预措施提供信息。版权所有 © 2024 Silva-Illanes。

Socioeconomic disparities in life expectancy are well-documented in various contexts, including Chile. However, there is a lack of research examining trends in life expectancy inequalities and lifespan variation over time. Addressing these gaps can provide crucial insights into the dynamics of health inequalities.This study utilizes data from census records, population surveys, and death certificates to compare the life expectancy and the lifespan variation at age 26 of individuals according to their rank in the distribution of years of education within their own birth cohort. The analysis spans three periods (1991, 2002, and 2017) and focuses on two educational groups: individuals in the first (lowest) quintile and tenth (highest) decile of educational attainment. Changes in life expectancy are disaggregated by major causes of death to elucidate their contributions to overall trends.Consistent with existing literature, our findings confirm that individuals with lower education levels experience lower life expectancy and higher lifespan variation compared to their more educated counterparts. Notably, by 2017, life expectancy for individuals in the lowest quintile of education has caught up with that of the top decile in 1991, albeit with contrasting trends between genders. Among women, the gap has reduced, while it has increased for males. Moreover, lifespan variation decreased (increased) over time for individuals in the tenth decile (first quintile). The leading causes of death that explain the increase in life expectancy in women and men in the tenth decile as well as women in the first quintile are cardiovascular, cancer, respiratory and digestive diseases. In the case of males in the first quintile, few gains have been made in life expectancy resulting from cancer and a negative contribution is associated with digestive conditions.This study underscores persistent socioeconomic disparities in life expectancy in Chile, emphasizing the importance of ongoing monitoring of health inequalities across different demographic segments. The gender-specific and educational gradient trends highlight areas for targeted interventions aimed at reducing health disparities and improving overall population health outcomes. Further research is warranted to delve into specific causes of death driving life expectancy differentials and to inform evidence-based policy interventions.Copyright © 2024 Silva-Illanes.