外泌体 microRNA (miRNA) 在对抗肝细胞癌 (HCC) 方面具有巨大潜力，肝细胞癌是全球癌症相关死亡的第四大常见原因。在这项研究中，我们探索了这些小分子的各种应用，同时分析了它们在肿瘤发展、转移和肿瘤微环境变化中的复杂作用。我们还讨论了外泌体 miRNA 与其他非编码 RNA（例如环状 RNA）之间存在的复杂相互作用，并展示了这些相互作用如何协调推动 HCC 发展的重要生化途径。靶向外泌体 miRNA 进行治疗干预的可能性至关重要，甚至超出了其机制意义。我们还强调了它们作为尖端生物标志物的日益增长的潜力，可以通过实现早期识别、精确预后和实时治疗反应监测来制定量身定制的治疗计划。这项彻底的分析揭示了导致 HCC 进展的外泌体 miRNA 的复杂网络。最后，还讨论了外泌体的纯化和分离策略以及用于检测外泌体 miRNA 的先进生物传感技术。总的来说，这篇全面的综述揭示了 HCC 中外泌体 miRNA 的复杂网络，为诊断、预后的未来进展提供了宝贵的见解，并最终改善了与这种致命疾病作斗争的患者的结果。版权所有 © 2024 El Hayek，Alnaser-Almusa， Alsalameh、Alhalabi、Sabbah、Alshehri、Mir、Mani、Al-Kattan、Chinnappan 和 Yaqinuddin。

Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have great potential in the fight against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In this study, we explored the various applications of these small molecules while analyzing their complex roles in tumor development, metastasis, and changes in the tumor microenvironment. We also discussed the complex interactions that exist between exosomal miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs such as circular RNAs, and show how these interactions coordinate important biochemical pathways that propel the development of HCC. The possibility of targeting exosomal miRNAs for therapeutic intervention is paramount, even beyond their mechanistic significance. We also highlighted their growing potential as cutting-edge biomarkers that could lead to tailored treatment plans by enabling early identification, precise prognosis, and real-time treatment response monitoring. This thorough analysis revealed an intricate network of exosomal miRNAs lead to HCC progression. Finally, strategies for purification and isolation of exosomes and advanced biosensing techniques for detection of exosomal miRNAs are also discussed. Overall, this comprehensive review sheds light on the complex web of exosomal miRNAs in HCC, offering valuable insights for future advancements in diagnosis, prognosis, and ultimately, improved outcomes for patients battling this deadly disease.Copyright © 2024 El Hayek, Alnaser-Almusa, Alsalameh, Alhalabi, Sabbah, Alshehri, Mir, Mani, Al-Kattan, Chinnappan and Yaqinuddin.