细胞外囊泡 (EV) 由纳米级磷脂双层膜包围，尺寸通常为 30 至 200 nm。它们含有高浓度的特定蛋白质、核酸和脂质，反映了母细胞的组成，但并不完全相同。 EV的固有特性和多样性使其在癌症识别和治疗领域具有广泛而独特的优势。最近，EVs被认为是检测癌症的潜在肿瘤标志物。适体是单链 DNA 或 RNA 分子，通过采用不同的三级结构，对其靶标表现出显着的特异性和亲和力。与蛋白质对应物相比，适体具有多种优势，例如降低的免疫原性、方便大规模合成的能力以及简单的化学修饰。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 EV 的生物发生、样品采集、分离、储存和表征，最后对基于适配体的 EV 检测分析技术进行了全面的综述。© 作者。

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are enclosed by a nanoscale phospholipid bilayer membrane and typically range in size from 30 to 200 nm. They contain a high concentration of specific proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, reflecting but not identical to the composition of the parent cell. The inherent characteristics and variety of EVs give them extensive and unique advantages in the field of cancer identification and treatment. Recently, EVs have been recognized as potential tumor markers for the detection of cancer. Aptamers, which are molecules of single-stranded DNA or RNA, demonstrate remarkable specificity and affinity for their targets by adopting distinct tertiary structures. Aptamers offer various advantages over their protein counterparts, such as reduced immunogenicity, the ability for convenient large-scale synthesis, and straightforward chemical modification. In this review, we summarized EVs biogenesis, sample collection, isolation, storage and characterization, and finally provided a comprehensive survey of analysis techniques for EVs detection that are based on aptamers.© The author(s).