胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）肿瘤是成人中最具侵袭性的原发性脑肿瘤，尽管接受了最大程度的治疗，但预后却很差。 GBM 肿瘤表现出组织缺氧，这促进了肿瘤的侵袭性和神经胶质瘤干细胞的维持，并创造了整体免疫抑制景观。本文综述了缺氧条件如何与炎症反应重叠，从而促进免疫抑制细胞的增殖并抑制细胞毒性 T 细胞的发育。免疫疗法，包括疫苗、免疫检查点抑制剂和 CAR-T 细胞疗法，代表了 GBM 治疗的有希望的途径。然而，肿瘤异质性、免疫抑制 TME 和 BBB 限制性等挑战阻碍了其有效性。正在积极探索应对这些挑战的策略，包括联合疗法和针对缺氧的治疗，以改善 GBM 患者的预后。针对缺氧与免疫疗法相结合是提高治疗效果的潜在策略。版权所有 © 2024 Feldman。

Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are the most aggressive primary brain tumors in adults that, despite maximum treatment, carry a dismal prognosis. GBM tumors exhibit tissue hypoxia, which promotes tumor aggressiveness and maintenance of glioma stem cells and creates an overall immunosuppressive landscape. This article reviews how hypoxic conditions overlap with inflammatory responses, favoring the proliferation of immunosuppressive cells and inhibiting cytotoxic T cell development. Immunotherapies, including vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR-T cell therapy, represent promising avenues for GBM treatment. However, challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive TME, and BBB restrictiveness hinder their effectiveness. Strategies to address these challenges, including combination therapies and targeting hypoxia, are actively being explored to improve outcomes for GBM patients. Targeting hypoxia in combination with immunotherapy represents a potential strategy to enhance treatment efficacy.Copyright © 2024 Feldman.