该综述首次描述和总结了不同来源的纳米硒颗粒对肝癌细胞的细胞毒作用的分子机制。文本提供了近年来的信息，表明硒纳米颗粒对各种信号通路和内质网应激的调节；考虑了由于暴露于硒纳米粒子而导致肝癌细胞死亡的途径。特别关注硒蛋白和含硒硫氧还蛋白还原酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶在这些过程中的参与。此前，尽管许多评论和实验文章致力于研究这种疾病的原因以及其他药物调节细胞毒性作用的分子机制，但还没有充分反映硒纳米颗粒特别是在肝细胞癌中的细胞毒性作用的评论。本综述的相关性主要在于，尽管开发了各种治疗和预防肝细胞癌的药物和方法，但这种疾病仍然是世界上第四大死亡原因。因此，全面了解各种病因肿瘤尤其是肝细胞癌治疗的最新趋势极为重要。

This review describes and summarizes, for the first time, the molecular mechanisms of the cytotoxic effect of selenium nanoparticles of various origins on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The text provides information from recent years indicating the regulation of various signaling pathways and endoplasmic reticulum stress by selenium nanoparticles; the pathways of cell death of liver cancer cells as a result of exposure to selenium nanoparticles are considered. Particular attention is paid to the participation of selenoproteins and selenium-containing thioredoxin reductases and glutathione peroxidases in these processes. Previously, there were no reviews that fully reflected the cytotoxic effects of selenium nanoparticles specifically in hepatocellular carcinoma, despite the fact that many reviews and experimental articles have been devoted to the causes of this disease and the molecular mechanisms of regulation of cytotoxic effects by other agents. The relevance of this review is primarily explained by the fact that despite the development of various drugs and approaches for the treatment and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma, this disease is still the fourth leading cause of death in the world. For this reason, a complete understanding of the latest trends in the treatment of oncology of various etiologies, especially hepatocellular carcinoma, is extremely important.