摘要人类肠道中蕴藏着种类繁多的微生物，它们与宿主以及彼此共生。这是一个复杂且高度动态的环境，其稳态直接关系到人类健康。肠道微生物群和多种微生物生物膜的失调与胃肠道疾病有关，包括肠易激综合征、炎症性肠病和结直肠癌。这篇综述涵盖了肠道生物膜的分子组成和组织、细菌通讯和行为的生物膜信号网络的机制以及多微生物生物膜的协同效应。它进一步描述了与肠道生物膜相关的临床相关性和疾病、生物膜在抗菌素耐药性中的作用，以及肠道宿主防御系统和对抗生物膜的治疗策略。总而言之，这篇综述总结了有关肠道生物膜及其在肠道疾病中的作用的最新知识和研究，并为开发生物膜特异性治疗方法提供了方向。

SUMMARYThe human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with the host and each other. It is a complex and highly dynamic environment whose homeostasis directly relates to human health. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and polymicrobial biofilms have been associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancers. This review covers the molecular composition and organization of intestinal biofilms, mechanistic aspects of biofilm signaling networks for bacterial communication and behavior, and synergistic effects in polymicrobial biofilms. It further describes the clinical relevance and diseases associated with gut biofilms, the role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance, and the intestinal host defense system and therapeutic strategies counteracting biofilms. Taken together, this review summarizes the latest knowledge and research on intestinal biofilms and their role in gut disorders and provides directions toward the development of biofilm-specific treatments.